Transretinal electrical stimulation by an intrascleral multichannel electrode array in rabbit eyes
Transretinal electrical stimulation by an intrascleral multichannel electrode array in rabbit eyes
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DOI：
10.1007/s00417-004-1060-2
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Tano, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakauchi, K;Fujikado, T;Tano, Y
背景：一种新的电刺激视网膜的方法，称为脉络膜上经视网膜刺激（STS），被证明可以有效地在皇家外科医学院（RCS）大鼠中引发电诱发皮层电位（EEP）。在将此技术推广到患者之前，重要的是确定其从中型动物（兔子）中引发 EEP 的安全性和可行性。本研究的目的是确定将多通道电极阵列植入巩膜袋的外科手术的安全性和有效性，并确定植入的电极是否可以有效刺激视网膜。方法：这些急性实验是在六只兔子身上进行的。将嵌入聚酰亚胺中的八个金微电极阵列植入视觉条纹区域上方的巩膜袋中。微阵列的尺寸为2x4x0.180mm。将参比电极植入玻璃体内。电极阵列和参考电极连接到刺激器以传递单相电流脉冲。用植入每只兔子头骨视觉皮层的不锈钢电极记录皮层反应。实验结束后，对眼睛和电极进行组织学检查。结果：电极植入手术顺利完成，无严重并发症。在每个电极进行单相电脉冲刺激后记录 EEP。 EEP 的平均阈值为 55.0+/-10.0 muA，内向电流脉冲持续时间为 0.5 毫秒。阈值传递的电荷约为27.5 nC，电荷密度约为56.0 muC/cm(2)。刺激区域周围的视网膜组织的组织病理学检查在光学显微镜水平上没有显示出使用所使用的电参数的损伤。结论：我们的巩膜内微电极阵列 STS 技术对兔眼是安全的，并且 EEP 是由不会引起组织损伤的电流密度引起的。这些结果表明通过巩膜内多通道电极进行 STS 是刺激视网膜的可行方法。
Background: A new method of stimulating the retina electrically, called suprachoroidal transretinal stimulation (STS), was shown to be effective in eliciting electrically evoked cortical potentials (EEPs) in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats. Before extending this technique to patients, it is important to determine its safety and feasibility in eliciting EEPs from medium-size animal (rabbits). The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the surgical procedures used to implant an multichannel electrode array into a scleral pocket, and to determine whether the implanted electrodes can stimulate the retina effectively. Methods: These acute experiments were conducted on six rabbits. An array of eight gold microelectrodes, embedded in polyimide, was implanted into a scleral pocket over the visual streak area. The size of the microarray was 2x4x0.180 mm. The reference electrode was implanted into the vitreous. The electrode array and reference electrodes were connected to a stimulator to deliver monophasic current pulses. Cortical responses were recorded with a stainless steel electrode implanted into each rabbit's skull over the visual cortex. After the experiment, the eyes and electrodes were examined histologically. Results: The surgical procedures for electrode implantation were accomplished without serious complications. EEPs were recorded after monophasic electrical pulse stimulation from each electrode. The mean threshold for EEPs was 55.0+/-10.0 muA with a 0.5-ms duration inward current pulse. The charge delivered at threshold was about 27.5 nC, and the charge density was about 56.0 muC/cm(2). Histopathological examination of the retinal tissue around the area of stimulation did not show damage at the light microscope level with the electrical parameters used. Conclusions: Our technique for STS with an intrascleral microelectrode array is safe in rabbit eyes, and EEPs were elicited by current densities that did not induce tissue damage. These results suggest that STS via intrascleral multichannel electrodes is a feasible method for stimulating the retina.