Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria and the Bacterial Community Response in Gulf of Mexico Beach Sands Impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacteria and the Bacterial Community Response in Gulf of Mexico Beach Sands Impacted by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.05402-11
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Huettel, Markus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kostka, Joel E.;Prakash, Om;Huettel, Markus
最近墨西哥湾深水地平线漏油事件的相当大一部分石油被输送到海岸线，在那里可能会产生严重的生态和经济后果。这项研究的目的是(I)确定和表征可用作模式碳氢化合物降解物或污染微生物指示剂的主要石油降解类群，以及(Ii)表征海滩生态系统中本地细菌群落对石油污染的原位反应。这项研究是在佛罗里达州彭萨科拉海滩进行的，那里的化学分析显示，海滩沙子中风化石油石油烃(C-8到C-40)的浓度从3.1到4500 mg kg(-1)不等。从受油污的海滩沙中分离到14属24株细菌，经鉴定为石油降解菌。分离出的细菌主要是伽玛变形杆菌，包括具有已知石油降解物的属的代表(链球菌、海洋杆菌、假单胞菌和不动杆菌)。从油砂中产生的序列文库显示，与石油降解菌的rRNA基因序列具有很高的序列同源性(高达99%)。细菌SSU rRNA基因序列的丰度在油砂(0.44x10(7)至10.2x10(7)拷贝g(-1))比清洁沙(0.024×10(7)至1.4x10(7)拷贝g(-1))高10倍。群落分析显示对石油污染有明显的响应，来自Alcanivorax属的SSU rRNA基因丰度在污染样品中的相对丰度增幅最大。我们的结论是，漏油事件对墨西哥湾海滩沙中本地细菌的丰度和群落组成产生了深远的影响，我们的证据表明，伽马蛋白细菌(Alcanivorax，Marinbacter)和甲蛋白细菌(Rhodbacteraceae)是那里石油降解的关键角色。
A significant portion of oil from the recent Deepwater Horizon (DH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was transported to the shoreline, where it may have severe ecological and economic consequences. The objectives of this study were (i) to identify and characterize predominant oil-degrading taxa that may be used as model hydrocarbon degraders or as microbial indicators of contamination and (ii) to characterize the in situ response of indigenous bacterial communities to oil contamination in beach ecosystems. This study was conducted at municipal Pensacola Beach, FL, where chemical analysis revealed weathered oil petroleum hydrocarbon (C-8 to C-40) concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 4,500 mg kg(-1) in beach sands. A total of 24 bacterial strains from 14 genera were isolated from oiled beach sands and confirmed as oil-degrading microorganisms. Isolated bacterial strains were primarily Gammaproteobacteria, including representatives of genera with known oil degraders (Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter). Sequence libraries generated from oiled sands revealed phylotypes that showed high sequence identity (up to 99%) to rRNA gene sequences from the oil-degrading bacterial isolates. The abundance of bacterial SSU rRNA gene sequences was similar to 10-fold higher in oiled (0.44 x 10(7) to 10.2 x 10(7) copies g(-1)) versus clean (0.024 x 10(7) to 1.4 x 10(7) copies g(-1)) sand. Community analysis revealed a distinct response to oil contamination, and SSU rRNA gene abundance derived from the genus Alcanivorax showed the largest increase in relative abundance in contaminated samples. We conclude that oil contamination from the DH spill had a profound impact on the abundance and community composition of indigenous bacteria in Gulf beach sands, and our evidence points to members of the Gammaproteobacteria (Alcanivorax, Marinobacter) and Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae) as key players in oil degradation there.