Revisiting the cost of carnivory in mammals
Revisiting the cost of carnivory in mammals
复制标题
重新审视哺乳动物的食肉成本
DOI：
10.1111/jeb.12936
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Tracey L. Rogers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Tucker;T. Ord;Tracey L. Rogers
捕食者-食饵关系在食肉动物的进化和生态中起着关键作用。了解捕食者和猎物的关系以及这种关系在物种和环境中的不同之处，可以提供关于食肉动物的策略是如何演变的，以及它们可能如何随着环境变化而改变的信息。我们的目标是确定哺乳动物如何克服在海洋环境中生活的挑战；具体地说，这是如何改变相对于陆地哺乳动物的捕食者-被捕食者的体重关系。利用从文献中收集的捕食者和被捕食者的大量数据，我们应用系统发育分段回归方法研究了食肉哺乳动物(51种陆地哺乳动物和56种海洋哺乳动物)捕食者和猎物大小的关系。我们证明了食肉哺乳动物有四个广泛的食物组：小型海洋食肉动物(11000公斤)和小型陆生食肉动物(11公斤)，分别以5公斤和2公斤以下的猎物为食。平均而言，大型海洋食肉动物(>；11000公斤)捕食的猎物相当于食肉动物身体大小的0.01%，而大型陆生食肉动物(>；11公斤)的捕食量为45%或更多。我们认为，猎物可获得性的差异，以及在陆地环境中处理大型猎物和在海洋环境中处理小型猎物的相对容易，导致了这些新的觅食行为的进化。我们的结果为早期海洋哺乳动物可能面临的选择压力提供了重要的见解，并最终导致了一系列摄食策略和捕食行为的演变。
Predator–prey relationships play a key role in the evolution and ecology of carnivores. An understanding of predator–prey relationships and how this differs across species and environments provides information on how carnivorous strategies have evolved and how they may change in response to environmental change. We aim to determine how mammals overcame the challenges of living within the marine environment; specifically, how this altered predator–prey body mass relationships relative to terrestrial mammals. Using predator and prey mass data collected from the literature, we applied phylogenetic piecewise regressions to investigate the relationship between predator and prey size across carnivorous mammals (51 terrestrial and 56 marine mammals). We demonstrate that carnivorous mammals have four broad dietary groups: small marine carnivores (< 11 000 kg) and small terrestrial carnivores (< 11 kg) feed on prey less than 5 kg and 2 kg, respectively. On average, large marine carnivores (> 11 000 kg) feed on prey equal to 0.01% of the carnivore's body size, compared to 45% or greater in large terrestrial carnivores (> 11 kg). We propose that differences in prey availability, and the relative ease of processing large prey in the terrestrial environment and small prey in marine environment, have led to the evolution of these novel foraging behaviours. Our results provide important insights into the selection pressures that may have been faced by early marine mammals and ultimately led to the evolution of a range of feeding strategies and predatory behaviours.
DOI：
10.1038/002186a0
发表时间：
1867-06
期刊：
The Chicago Medical Journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
G. D.
通讯作者：
G. D.