Seroevidence of Zoonotic Viruses in Rodents and Humans in Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya
Seroevidence of Zoonotic Viruses in Rodents and Humans in Kibera Informal Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya
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肯尼亚内罗毕基贝拉非正式定居点啮齿动物和人类中人畜共患病毒的血清证据
DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2021.0046
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Forbes, Kristian M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ogola, Joseph Ganda;Alburkat, Hussein;Masika, Moses;Korhonen, Essi;Uusitalo, Ruut;Nyaga, Philip;Anzala, Omu;Vapalahti, Olli;Sironen, Tarja;Forbes, Kristian M.
啮齿动物是已知的许多病原体的储存宿主，这些病原体可以溢出到人类体内并引起疾病。这些威胁在非正规城市住区可能会加剧（即，贫民窟），那里的啮齿动物和人类密度往往很高，啮齿动物与人类生活得很近，人类对疾病风险的了解和获得保健的机会往往有限。虽然最近的研究重点是世界各大城市的城市啮齿动物造成的人畜共患风险，但非正规城市住区受到的关注要少得多。在这里，我们报告的一项研究中，样本收集自195啮齿类动物和124发热的人类患者在基贝拉非正式定居点在内罗毕，肯尼亚（世界上最大的非正式城市定居点之一）。使用免疫荧光试验，样品进行了筛选抗体对常见的啮齿动物传播的人畜共患病毒组，即正痘病毒，沙粒病毒，汉坦病毒。我们在啮齿类动物中检测到抗正痘病毒的抗体（阳性率为4.1%），在人类中检测到抗正痘病毒、沙粒病毒和汉坦病毒的抗体（阳性率分别为4.8%、3.2%和8.1%）。没有啮齿类动物对沙粒病毒或汉坦病毒有抗体。这些结果提供了强有力的证据，人畜共患病病毒在啮齿动物和人类在基贝拉城市定居点的循环，但宿主群体中检测到的病毒之间的不一致性表明，其他物种或类群也可能作为这些人畜共患病病毒的水库或检测阳性的人可能已经暴露在基贝拉定居点以外。更广泛地说，这项研究强调了人畜共患病病毒在非正式城市住区构成的威胁，以及减轻人类暴露风险的必要性。
Rodents are known reservoir hosts for a number of pathogens that can spillover into humans and cause disease. These threats are likely to be elevated in informal urban settlements (i.e., slums), where rodent and human densities are often high, rodents live in close proximity to humans, and human knowledge of disease risks and access to health care is often limited. While recent research attention has focused on zoonotic risks posed by urban rodents in major cities around the world, informal urban settlements have received far less attention. Here we report on a study in which samples were collected from 195 commensal rodents and 124 febrile human patients in the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya (one of the largest informal urban settlements in the world). Using immunofluorescence assays, samples were screened for antibodies against common rodent-borne zoonotic virus groups, namely orthopoxviruses, arenaviruses, and hantaviruses. We detected antibodies against orthopoxviruses in rodents (4.1% positive) and antibodies in humans against orthopoxviruses, arenaviruses, and hantaviruses (4.8%, 3.2%, and 8.1% positive, respectively). No rodents had antibodies against arenaviruses or hantaviruses. These results provide strong evidence for the circulation of zoonotic viruses in rodents and humans in Kibera urban settlement, but discordance between viruses detected in host groups indicates that other species or taxa may also serve as reservoirs for these zoonotic viruses or that humans testing positive could have been exposed outside of the Kibera settlement. More broadly, this study highlights the threat posed by zoonotic viruses in informal urban settlements and the need to mitigate human exposure risks.