Adult Careers: Does Childhood IQ Predict Later Life Outcome?
Adult Careers: Does Childhood IQ Predict Later Life Outcome?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1741-1130.2011.00281.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Firkowska-Mankiewicz, Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Firkowska-Mankiewicz, Anna
作者在意大利罗马（2010年10月）举行的第三届国际智力残疾科学研究协会-欧洲会议上的全体会议发言，回顾了20世纪70年代对居住在波兰华沙的一组青少年（11岁和13岁）进行的纵向研究。其目的是在一个较长的时期内研究社会出身和测量的智力（IQ）之间的关系，IQ和其他心理社会因素作为成年后社会和经济地位的预测因素所起的作用，以及IQ的稳定性。“华沙研究”提出的问题是，在几乎没有教育、卫生服务和社区区别的情况下（20世纪70年代的华沙是进行这种社会学研究的理想实验室），华沙的学龄儿童是否仍然会表现出父母职业与后代智力功能之间的通常联系？一系列后续研究的结果表明，13岁时的智商分数可以被视为未来生活结果的一个相对较好的指标，根据所获得的教育，职业地位和物质福利来定义。高智商组和低智商组在这方面的巨大差异证明了这一结论。两个对照组中的天才青少年和他们的同龄人之间的差异虽然较小，但仍然很显著，这也支持了智商对人生成功至关重要的论点。“华沙研究”的结果对来自弱势背景的智力残疾儿童的生命历程和经济状况具有影响。
The author's plenary address at the 3rd International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities-Europe Conference in Rome, Italy (October 2010), provided a retrospective overview of a longitudinal study conducted with a cohort of pre-teens (11 and 13 years of age) residing in Warsaw, Poland, in the 1970s. The intent was to examine, over an extended period of years, the relationship between social origin and measured intelligence (IQ), the role that IQ and other psycho-social factors play as predictors of social and economic status in adulthood, and the stability of IQ. The question posed by the "Warsaw Studies" was whether, given the virtual absence of educational, health service, and community distinctions (Warsaw in the 1970s was an ideal laboratory for such a sociological undertaking), would Warsaw schoolchildren still show the usual association between parental occupation and offspring intellectual functioning? The results from a series of follow-up studies indicate that the IQ score at age 13 could be viewed as a relatively good indicator for future life outcomes, defined in terms of attained education, occupational status, and material well being. Dramatic differences in this attainment between the groups of respondents with high and low IQ scores attest to this conclusion. Smaller, yet still significant, differences between talented teenagers and their counterparts from the two control groups who apparently did not have the high IQ advantage also support the thesis that IQ matters much for life success. The findings of the "Warsaw Studies" have implications for the life course and economic conditions of children with intellectual disabilities from disadvantaged backgrounds.