Cloud Ice Properties: In Situ Measurement Challenges
Cloud Ice Properties: In Situ Measurement Challenges
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DOI：
10.1175/amsmonographs-d-16-0011.1
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Um, J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baumgardner, D.;Abel, S. J.;Um, J.
了解云中冰的形成和演变需要关于单个云水凝物的大小、形状、质量和光学特性及其在广泛大气条件下的整体特性的详细信息。自20世纪60年代以来，仪器和研究飞机不断发展，提供越来越多关于云粒子特性的更准确和更大量的数据。在本章中，电动，现场测量系统的现状进行审查，其优点和缺点，其局限性和不确定性的文件。仍然存在许多悬而未决的挑战。对这些建议进行了总结，并提出了通过填补剩余信息空白的新发展向前迈进的建议。缩小这些差距将消除继续阻碍我们理解云的一般过程，特别是冰的演变的障碍。
Understanding the formation and evolution of ice in clouds requires detailed information on the size, shape, mass, and optical properties of individual cloud hydrometeors and their bulk properties over a broad range of atmospheric conditions. Since the 1960s, instrumentation and research aircraft have evolved, providing increasingly more accurate and larger quantities of data about cloud particle properties. In this chapter, the current status of electrical powered, in situ measurement systems are reviewed with respect to their strengths and weaknesses and their limitations and uncertainties are documented. There remain many outstanding challenges. These are summarized and accompanied by recommendations for moving forward through new developments that fill the remaining information gaps. Closing these gaps will remove the obstacles that continue to hinder our understanding of cloud processes in general and the evolution of ice in particular.