High school students' perceptions of AIDS risk: realistic appraisal or motivated denial?
High school students' perceptions of AIDS risk: realistic appraisal or motivated denial?
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高中生对艾滋病风险的看法：现实的评价还是有动机的否认？
DOI：
10.1037//0278-6133.11.5.307
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Vaughan,RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gladis,MM;Michela,JL;Walter,HJ;Vaughan,RD
我们调查了296名居住在主要城市中心或附近的高中生对获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)风险的看法。我们假设，性格倾向于否认威胁的学生更有可能误解他们感染艾滋病的风险。结果表明，总的来说，研究参与者使用他们的行为作为评估个人风险的基础，即当他们的行为实际上风险更高时，他们感觉到更高的风险。然而，这种关系并不适用于那些在压抑敏感量表上被归类为压抑者的学生；压抑者对绝对(但不是相对)风险的感知与行为风险的程度呈负相关。在第二次分析中，感知到的绝对风险被发现是改变艾滋病危险行为意向的重要预测因素。这项研究为感知抗毁性的动机解释提供了支持，并对健康行为变化模型的发展具有启示意义。
We examined perceptions of risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 296 high school students living in or near a major urban center. We hypothesized that students with a dispositional tendency to deny threat would be more likely to misperceive their risk of contracting AIDS. Results indicated that study participants, overall, used their behaviors as a basis for assessing personal risk in the sense that they perceived higher risk when their behavior was in fact riskier. However, this relation did not hold for those students classified as repressers on a repression—sensitization scale; repressers’ perceptions of absolute (but not comparative) risk were negatively correlated with degree of behavioral risk. In a secondary analysis, perceived absolute risk was found to be a significant predictor of intention to change AIDS-risk behaviors. This study provides support for a motivational interpretation of perceived invulnerability and has implications for the development of models of health behavior change.