Relationship between growth rate and oral manipulation, social nosing, and aggression in finishing pigs
Relationship between growth rate and oral manipulation, social nosing, and aggression in finishing pigs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.applanim.2012.09.004
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发表时间：
2012-12-15
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bolhuis, J. Elizabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Bijma, Piter;Bolhuis, J. Elizabeth
猪可以通过它们的行为影响彼此的健康、福利和生产力。猪对它的同伴的生长速度的影响部分是遗传的，被称为它的社会遗传效应。社会遗传效应，又称间接遗传效应，在许多家畜品种、自然和实验室种群以及植物育种和林业中都有发现，近年来已成为一个重要的研究课题。在猪中，社会遗传效应被假设与行为有关。社会遗传对生长的影响背后的机制，以及行为和生长本身之间的关系，在很大程度上是未知的。为了深入了解社会遗传效应背后的机制，我们研究了猪的行为和生长速度之间的关系。在商业养猪场，采用白天2分钟瞬时扫描采样6小时的方法，对50个猪栏（8头猪/栏）的398头育肥猪在12周龄时进行了观察。对于观察的324头猪，肥育期的生长速率是已知的。以行为为解释变量，采用混合模型分析了肥育期行为与生长速率之间的关系。结果表明，给予行为，如口腔操作，社会鼻，攻击和腹鼻，所花费的时间与自己的增长速度无关。然而，接受行为确实与成长有关。咬尾、咬耳、咬爪等口腔操作次数越多，生长越差（P < 0.05）。与未接受经口操作的猪相比，在超过2%的观察期间接受经口操作的猪的生长率低43（+/- 17）g/d。接受社会嗅觉（在身体的任何部位轻轻触摸或嗅闻）的猪具有更高的生长率（P < 0.05）：与完全不接受社会嗅觉相比，在超过2%的观察期间接受社会嗅觉的猪之间的生长率差异为29（+/- 17）0。接受侵略和腹部鼻子，一个有力的摩擦腹部，没有影响生长速度。综上所述，接受口腔推拿与社会鼻嗅对生长速度有相关性。这表明，选择对生长具有积极社会遗传效应的猪可能会表现出行为变化。选择对行为和生长的社会遗传效应的影响将在未来的研究中进行研究。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Pigs may affect each other's health, welfare and productivity through their behaviour. The effect of a pig on the growth rate of its pen mates is partly heritable and is referred to as its social genetic effect. Social genetic effects, also known as indirect genetic effects, have been found in a number of livestock breeds, in natural and laboratory populations, and in plant breeding and forestry, and have become an important research topic in recent years. In pigs, social genetic effects are hypothesized to be related to behaviour. The mechanism behind social genetic effects for growth, as well as the relationship between behaviours and growth itself, is largely unknown. To gain insight in the mechanism behind social genetic effects, we investigated the relationship between behaviours and growth rate in pigs. On a commercial pig farm, 398 finishing pigs in 50 pens (eight pigs/pen) were observed at 12 weeks of age using 2-min instantaneous scan sampling for 6 h during daytime. For 324 observed pigs, growth rate during the finishing period was known. The relationship between behaviours and growth rate during the finishing period was analysed with behaviour as explanatory variable in a mixed model. Results show that time spent giving behaviours, like oral manipulation, social nosing, aggression and belly nosing, was not related to own growth rate. Receiving behaviours, however, did relate to growth. Pigs that received more oral manipulation, observed as tail biting, ear biting and paw biting, grew less well (P < 0.05). Growth rate was 43(+/- 17) g/d lower in pigs that received oral manipulation during more than 2% of the observations as compared to pigs that did not receive oral manipulation. Pigs that received social nosing, a gentle touch or sniff at any part of the body, had a higher growth rate (P < 0.05): growth rate differed 29(+/- 17)0 between pigs that received social nosing during more than 2% of observations as compared to not receiving social nosing at all. Receiving aggression and belly nosing, a forceful rubbing of the belly, did not influence growth rate. In conclusion, receiving oral manipulation and social nosing related to growth rate. This suggests that pigs selected for positive social genetic effects for growth may potentially show behavioural changes. Effects of selection for social genetic effects on behaviour and growth will be studied in future research. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.