Dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in susceptibility to confirmation bias.
Dopaminergic genes predict individual differences in susceptibility to confirmation bias.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.6486-10.2011
复制
发表时间：
2011-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Frank MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doll BB;Hutchison KE;Frank MJ
纹状体对于与行为动作相关的价值观的增量学习至关重要。前额叶皮层（PFC）代表抽象的规则和明确的突发事件，以支持在缺乏累积经验的情况下快速的行为适应。在这里，我们测试这些系统之间的相互作用的两种替代模型，和其个体差异，当人类受试者的指示与奖励意外事件，可能是或可能不准确的先验信息。在行为上，受试者受到先前指令的过度影响，以学习真正的强化统计为代价。计算分析发现，这种数据模式最好是由确认偏差机制解释的，在这种机制中，先前的信念-PFC中代表的purone-影响纹状体中发生的学习，从而扭曲了强化统计数据。我们评估了影响前额叶和纹状体多巴胺能神经传递的遗传变异。COMT基因（rs 4680）的多态性与前额叶多巴胺能功能相关，可以预测参与者坚持按照先前的指示做出反应的程度，即使有证据表明他们的真实性。与纹状体多巴胺功能相关的基因多态性（DARPP-32，rs 907094和DRD 2，rs6277）可预测从积极和消极结果中学习。值得注意的是，当结果与先前的指示一致或不一致时，这些相同的变量可以预测这种学习被过度夸大或忽视的程度。这些研究结果表明，分离的神经计算和遗传机制，最初的偏见是由经验加强。
The striatum is critical for the incremental learning of values associated with behavioral actions. The pre-frontal cortex (PFC) represents abstract rules and explicit contingencies to support rapid behavioral adaptation in the absence of cumulative experience. Here we test two alternative models of the interaction between these systems, and individual differences thereof, when human subjects are instructed with prior information about reward contingencies that may or may not be accurate. Behaviorally, subjects are overly influenced by prior instructions, at the expense of learning true reinforcement statistics. Computational analysis found that this pattern of data is best accounted for by a confirmation bias mechanism in which prior beliefs - putatively represented in PFC - influence the learning that occurs in the striatum such that reinforcement statistics are distorted. We assessed genetic variants affecting prefrontal and striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission. A polymorphism in the COMT gene (rs4680), associated with prefrontal dopaminergic function, was predictive of the degree to which participants persisted in responding in accordance with prior instructions even as evidence against their veracity accumulated. Polymorphisms in genes associated with striatal dopamine function (DARPP-32, rs907094, and DRD2, rs6277), were predictive of learning from positive and negative outcomes. Notably, these same variants were predictive of the degree to which such learning was overly inflated or neglected when outcomes are consistent or inconsistent with prior instructions. These findings indicate dissociable neurocomputational and genetic mechanisms by which initial biases are strengthened by experience.