Crop Diversity on Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Central Amazonia
Crop Diversity on Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Central Amazonia
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DOI：
10.1007/s10745-011-9405-z
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发表时间：
2011-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Clement, Charles R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fraser, James Angus;Junqueira, Andre B.;Clement, Charles R.
最近的一项考古调查表明，前哥伦比亚景观变化的所有形式中最持久的一种，亚马逊黑土（ADE;由前哥伦比亚定居形成的土壤），沿着巴西亚马逊河中部的马德拉河流域广泛分布。我们假设，在前哥伦布时期被强烈改造的景观中，今天人类的作物种植和管理过程将与人类机构没有留下如此沉重足迹的环境中的作物种植和管理过程不同。为了验证这一假设，我们比较苦木薯领域，家庭花园和次生林ADE与那些非人为土壤沿着马德拉河中下游。我们表明，作物品种和地方品种种群分歧的人为和非人为土壤作为人类选择和管理，土壤物理和化学性质，植物响应之间的相互作用的结果随着时间的推移。因此，作物品种的选择和丰富性，因此农业生物多样性是在亚马逊河流域中部的人为土壤。
A recent archaeological survey demonstrates that one of the most durable of all forms of pre-Columbian landscape transformation, Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE; soils formed by pre-Columbian settlement), are widespread along the course of the Madeira River, Central Amazonia, Brazil. We hypothesize that processes of crop cultivation and management by human populations today in landscapes that were intensively transformed during the pre-Columbian period will diverge from those in environments where human agency has not left such a heavy footprint. In order to test this hypothesis, we compare bitter manioc fields, homegardens and secondary forests on ADE with those on non-anthropogenic soils along the lower and middle Madeira River. We demonstrate that crop species and landrace populations diverge on anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic soils as a result of the interaction between human selection and management, soil physical and chemical properties, and plant responses over time. Hence, crop species selection and abundance and therefore agrobiodiversity is contingent on anthropogenic soils in Central Amazonia.