The challenge of monitoring glaciers with extreme altitudinal range: mass-balance reconstruction for Kahiltna Glacier, Alaska

The challenge of monitoring glaciers with extreme altitudinal range: mass-balance reconstruction for Kahiltna Glacier, Alaska
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监测极端海拔范围冰川的挑战:阿拉斯加卡希尔特纳冰川的质量平衡重建

DOI:
10.1017/jog.2017.80
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
PETTIT, ERIN
PETTIT, ERIN
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
YOUNG, JOANNA C.;ARENDT, ANTHONY;HOCK, REGINE;PETTIT, ERIN

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跨越大海拔范围的冰川往往会随着海拔的升高而经历不同的气候状况,这给获得代表整个冰川的质量平衡和气候观测带来了挑战。我们使用混合方法来重建阿拉斯加Kahiltna冰川的1991-2014年质量平衡,这是一个大型(503平方公里)冰川,具有全球最大的海拔范围之一(264-6108米)。我们校准了一个增强的温度指数模型,以重复激光测高和点观测的冰川范围内的质量平衡,发现平均净质量平衡率为-0.74 mw. e。a−1(± σ = 0.04,标准偏差最佳模型模拟)。结果验证对质量变化从美国宇航局的重力恢复和气候实验(GRACE)卫星,一种新的方法在个别冰川规模。去趋势模型和GRACE导出的质量变化时间序列(R2 = 0.58和p = 0.001)之间以及夏季(R2 = 0.69和p = 0.003)和年度(R2 = 0.63和p = 0.006)平衡之间的相关性很强,为我们的建模结果提供了更大的信心。然而,我们发现模型冰川范围内的平衡和最近的单桩监测之间的相关性较差。最后,我们提出了监测冰川极端海拔范围的建议,包括通过雪雷达剖面表征降水。
Glaciers spanning large altitudinal ranges often experience different climatic regimes with elevation, creating challenges in acquiring mass-balance and climate observations that represent the entire glacier. We use mixed methods to reconstruct the 1991–2014 mass balance of the Kahiltna Glacier in Alaska, a large (503 km2) glacier with one of the greatest elevation ranges globally (264–6108 m a.s.l.). We calibrate an enhanced temperature index model to glacier-wide mass balances from repeat laser altimetry and point observations, finding a mean net mass-balance rate of −0.74 mw.e. a−1( ± σ = 0.04, std dev. of the best-performing model simulations). Results are validated against mass changes from NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites, a novel approach at the individual glacier scale. Correlation is strong between the detrended model- and GRACE-derived mass change time series (R2 = 0.58 and p ≪ 0.001), and between summer (R2 = 0.69 and p = 0.003) and annual (R2 = 0.63 and p = 0.006) balances, lending greater confidence to our modeling results. We find poor correlation, however, between modeled glacier-wide balances and recent single-stake monitoring. Finally, we make recommendations for monitoring glaciers with extreme altitudinal ranges, including characterizing precipitation via snow radar profiling.
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