The effects of early season soil temperatures on emergence of summer crops on the north-western plains of NSW
The effects of early season soil temperatures on emergence of summer crops on the north-western plains of NSW
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新南威尔士州西北平原早季土壤温度对夏季作物出苗的影响
DOI：
10.1071/ea9710039
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发表时间：
1971
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Launders
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Launders
在9月下旬至10月下旬每周播种4次，研究了早季土壤温度对5种夏季作物出苗程度和出苗速度的影响。这些作物是玉米、谷粒高粱、珍珠谷和两种饲用高粱。土壤温度的升高缩短了播种到首次出苗的时间间隔，但对首次出苗到最终出苗的时间间隔的影响程度不同。玉米出苗率在所有播种下均较高，而3种高粱的出苗率在土壤温度低于65？F的4英寸播种时都较低，但在65？F以上的播种间差异不显著。珍珠谷子的出苗率随着播种时间的延长而提高，但差异不显著。在首次羽化后的4天内，随着土壤温度的升高，羽化速度加快，但在4天后对羽化的影响一般很小。玉米出苗的温度要求低于谷物和饲用高粱，而高粱的出苗温度又低于珍珠谷子。从结果和其他相关数据来看，当4英寸深的土壤温度为59？？F(预计在9月下旬)，高粱(谷物和牧草)在65？到69？F(预计在10月上中旬)，珍珠谷子在68？？到72？F(预计在11月上中旬)时，播种玉米是比较安全的。结果表明，土壤温度是确定夏粮早播安全播期的最佳标准。
The influence of early season soil temperatures on the extent and rate of emergence of five summer crops was examined using four sowings at weekly intervals between late September and late October. The crops were maize, grain sorghum, pearl millet, and two forage sorghums. Increasing soil temperature reduced the interval between sowing and first emergence, and gave variable results for the interval between first and final emergence. Percentage emergence of maize was high at all sowings, whereas that of all three sorghums was low at sowings with soil temperatures at 4 inches of below 65¦F, but did not differ significantly between sowings at temperatures above 65¦F. Emergence of pearl millet improved with each later sowing, but differences were not significant. Rate of emergence was accelerated by rising soil temperatures in the four days after first emergence, but subsequent effects after four days were generally minimal. Maize appeared to have a lower temperature requirement for emergence than grain and forage sorghums, which, in turn, showed a lower temperature requirement than pearl millet. From the results and other related data, it seems that maize can be sown with reasonable safety when four inch depth soil temperatures are 59¦ to 64¦F (expected in late September), sorghums (both grain and forage) when this temperature is 65¦ to 69¦F (expected in early- to mid-October), and pearl millet when it is 68¦ to 72¦F (expected in early- to mid-November). The results support the concept of soil temperature being the best criterion to determine a safe time for early season sowing of summer crops.