Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants
Out of the temperate zone: A phylogenomic test of the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis in a contrarian clade of ants
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DOI：
10.1111/jbi.14462
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发表时间：
2022-07-20
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Schultz, Ted R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Branstetter, Michael G.;Longino, John T.;Schultz, Ted R.
目的：标准纬度多样性梯度（LDG）是在大多数生物体中观察到的普遍模式，其中物种丰富度从赤道到极地降低。然而，一些谱系表现出反向 LDG。看似有问题，但记录和研究逆向群体可以总体上促进对 LDG 的理解。在这里，我们确定了一个这样的逆向格莱德，并使用历史方法来评估可能解释该群体非典型多样性模式的替代假设。我们重点关注生物地理保守主义假说 (BCH) 和多样化率假说 (DRH)。位置：全球。分类单元：蚂蚁（膜翅目：蚁科：Stenammini）。方法：我们通过绘制所有现存、描述的物种的纬度中点来检查 Stenammini LDG 的形状。我们使用 UCE 数据推断出稳健的基因组规模系统发育。我们使用 BEAST2 估计了分歧日期，并在 BioGEoBEARS 中测试了几个生物地理模型。为了检查多样化率并测试多样化率与纬度之间的相关性，我们分别使用了 BAMM 和 STRAPP 程序。 结果：Stenammini 具有偏斜的逆 LDG，其丰富度峰值位于北温带。系统发育分析揭示了五个主要的 Glades 属和几个属中非单系的实例（Goniomma、Aphaenogaster）。 Stenammini及其所有主要谱系都起源于北温带。该部落起源于大约51Ma的气候最佳时期，然后随着全球气候变冷而多样化并向南分散。斯泰纳米尼至少七次入侵热带地区，但这些事件发生的时间较晚，且与物种多样性的增加无关。有证据表明全北极Aphaenogaster + Messor的多样化率有所增加，但我们发现纬度和多样化率之间总体上没有显着相关性。主要结论：我们的结果在很大程度上支持BCH作为Stenammini逆纬度梯度的解释。林间空地起源于全北极，并且可能由于起源中心、物种形成时间和生态位保守主义效应而变得更加多样化，而不是多样化率的纬度差异。
Aim: The standard latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), in which species richness decreases from equator to pole, is a pervasive pattern observed in most organisms. Some lineages, however, exhibit inverse LDGs. Seemingly problematic, documenting and studying contrarian groups can advance understanding of LDGs generally. Here, we identify one such contrarian Glade and use a historical approach to evaluate alternative hypotheses that might explain the group's atypical diversity pattern. We focus on the biogeographical conservatism hypothesis (BCH) and the diversification rate hypothesis (DRH).Location: Global.Taxon: Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Stenammini).Methods: We examined the shape of the LDG in Stenammini by plotting latitudinal midpoints for all extant, described species. We inferred a robust genome-scale phylogeny using UCE data. We estimated divergence dates using BEAST2 and tested several biogeographical models in BioGEoBEARS. To examine diversification rates and test for a correlation between rate and latitude, we used the programs BAMM and STRAPP, respectively.Results: Stenammini has a skewed inverse LDG with a richness peak in the northern temperate zone. Phylogenomic analyses revealed five major Glades and several instances of non-monophyly among genera (Goniomma, Aphaenogaster). Stenammini and all its major lineages arose in the northern temperate zone. The tribe originated similar to 51 Ma during a climatic optimum and then diversified and dispersed southward as global climate cooled. Stenammini invaded the tropics at least seven times, but these events occurred more recently and were not linked with increased diversification. There is evidence for a diversification rate increase in Holarctic Aphaenogaster + Messor, but we found no significant correlation between latitude and diversification rate generally.Main Conclusions: Our results largely support the BCH as an explanation for the inverse latitudinal gradient in Stenammini. The Glade originated in the Holarctic and likely became more diverse there due to center-of-origin, time-for-speciation and niche conservatism effects, rather than latitudinal differences in diversification rate.