Mediatization of Campaign Coverage: Metacoverage of US Elections
Mediatization of Campaign Coverage: Metacoverage of US Elections
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竞选报道的媒体化：美国选举的元报道
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发表时间：
2014
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Esser
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作者：
P. D’Angelo;Florin Büchel;F. Esser
如果说调解化，就像全球化和现代化一样，是社会变革的一个元过程(Krotz，2008)，即“媒体已经融入其他社会机构的运作[并]获得了社会机构本身的地位”(Hjarvard，2008，第113页)，那么，可以说，这一点在当代的竞选活动中最为明显。在大多数西方民主国家，媒体组织与在选举期间争夺选票的政党和竞选组织之间存在相互依存关系--相互需要，但目标不同(Gurevitch&Blumler，1990)。可以肯定的是，这些相互依赖的性质是由一个国家内媒体和政治机构的结构和文化特征决定的(Blumler&Gurevitch，2001；见Stromback&Esser，2009，第217-218页)。然而，总的来说，调解理论家和研究人员对这些相互依存关系随着时间的推移通常向媒体倾斜的过程和机制感兴趣(斯特罗姆贝克，2008)。新闻机构处于政治调解化工作的兴趣中心(Esser，2013)。因此，在选举环境中，人们关注的是商业规则、专业惯例和信息格式的媒体逻辑如何不仅主导竞选新闻的内容，而且如何将其整合到政治规则、组织结构和惯例以及政党和竞选组织为了有效竞选而必须遵循的自我表述策略的政治逻辑中(Stromback，2008；Stromback&Esser，2009)。
If mediatization, like globalization and modernization, is a meta-process of societal change (Krotz, 2008) whereby “the media have become integrated into the operations of other social institutions [and] acquired the status of social institutions in their own right” (Hjarvard, 2008, p. 113), then, arguably, this is nowhere more evident than in contemporary election campaigns. In most Western democracies, there are reciprocal dependencies — mutual need but different goals — between media organizations and the political parties and campaign organizations that vie for votes during elections (Gurevitch & Blumler, 1990). To be sure, the nature of these interdependencies is shaped by structural and cultural features of the media and political institutions within a country (Blumler & Gurevitch, 2001; see Stromback & Esser, 2009, pp. 217–218 for a useful summary). However, on the whole, mediatization theorists and researchers are interested in the processes and mechanisms through which these interdependencies typically tilt over time towards the media (Stromback, 2008). News organizations lie at the center of interest in work on the mediatization of politics (Esser, 2013). Accordingly, in election settings, the concern is with how the media logic of commercial imperatives, professional routines and message formats not only comes to dominate the content of campaign news, but also how it gets integrated into the political logic of political rules, organizational structures and routines, and self-presentational strategies that political parties and campaign organizations must follow in order to campaign effectively (Stromback, 2008; Stromback & Esser, 2009).