Operant self-administration of sweetened versus unsweetened ethanol: Effects on blood alcohol levels
Operant self-administration of sweetened versus unsweetened ethanol: Effects on blood alcohol levels
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04272.x
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发表时间：
1999-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Koob, GF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Roberts, AJ;Heyser, CJ;Koob, GF
背景：甜味剂经常被添加到乙醇溶液中以增加乙醇的摄入量。然而，使用人类受试者和实验动物的研究文献表明，蔗糖、其他糖和富含碳水化合物的食物会改变乙醇的吸收和代谢，从而导致血液酒精水平（BAL）相对于单独吸收乙醇更低。本实验旨在测试在10%乙醇溶液中加入营养性甜味剂蔗糖或非营养性甜味剂糖精，以口服操作模式对大鼠BAL的影响，相对于不加糖的10%乙醇溶液。方法：采用糖精褪色法训练大鼠杠杆按压乙醇。然后，一半的大鼠接受30分钟的酒精+ 2%蔗糖和水的治疗，每天与酒精+ 0.2%糖精和水的治疗交替进行。另一半老鼠继续每天接受不加糖的乙醇和水。在这些标准的每日疗程后以及在1周的酒精剥夺（以增加乙醇摄入量）后服用BAL。结果：与未加糖的乙醇相比，大鼠对乙醇+蔗糖有更多的反应，但在基线测试和酒精剥夺效应中，每克乙醇消耗的BAL都较低。未检测到糖精对BAL的影响。另一项实验检测了四种浓度的蔗糖和糖精对乙醇和BAL自我给药的影响，结果表明，尽管大鼠消耗的乙醇+蔗糖比乙醇+糖精更多，但蔗糖组每克乙醇消耗的BAL明显较低。结论：这些结果证实了先前的报道，并表明在口服可操作性自我给药范式中，在乙醇溶液中加入蔗糖可导致相对于未加糖乙醇的低BAL。
Background: Sweeteners are often added to ethanol solutions to increase ethanol intake. However, literature on studies that use human subjects and laboratory animals suggests that sucrose, other sugars, and carbohydrate-rich foods alter ethanol absorption and metabolism, which leads to lower blood alcohol levels (BAL) relative to ethanol absorbed alone. This experiment was designed to test whether the addition of the nutritive sweetener sucrose, or the nonnutritive sweetener saccharin, to a 10% ethanol solution, self-administered in an oral operant paradigm, affected BAL in rats relative to self-administration of an unsweetened 10% ethanol solution.Methods: All rats were trained to lever press for ethanol by use of a saccharin fading procedure. Half of the rats then received 30-min sessions in which ethanol + 2% sucrose and water were available and were alternated daily with sessions in which ethanol + 0.2% saccharin and water were available. The other half of the rats went on to receive daily sessions of unsweetened ethanol and water. BAL were taken after these standard daily sessions as well as after a 1-week period of alcohol deprivation (to enhance ethanol intake).Results: Rats responded for more ethanol + sucrose than unsweetened ethanol, but had lower BAL, per gram ethanol consumed in both the baseline test and alcohol deprivation effect lest. No effect of saccharin on BAL was detected. An additional experiment that examined the effects of four concentrations of both sucrose and saccharin on self-administration of ethanol and BAL showed that, whereas rats consumed more ethanol + sucrose than ethanol + saccharin, BAL were significantly lower per gram ethanol consumed in the sucrose group.Conclusions: These results confirm previous reports and suggest that the addition of sucrose to an ethanol solution can result in lower BAL relative to unsweetened ethanol in an oral operant self-administration paradigm.