Demographic response of a population of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis to climate and longline fishery bycatch
Demographic response of a population of white-chinned petrels Procellaria aequinoctialis to climate and longline fishery bycatch
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2008.01537.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Weimerskirch, Henri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barbraud, Christophe;Marteau, Cedric;Weimerskirch, Henri
1.渔业可通过兼捕影响非目标物种，气候变化可能同时影响其种群动态。对许多种群来说，估计渔业和气候对非目标物种的相对影响仍然是一项挑战，因为人们对个体的时空分布知之甚少，现有的人口统计信息也不完整。我们使用种群调查数据、捕获-标记-重新捕获方法、种群模型和人口不变量方法来研究气候和渔业对受副渔获物影响的捕食者物种的人口统计的影响。这些相辅相成的办法被用来帮助解释不同的不确定性来源。白鳍海燕是南大洋最常见的被延绳钓渔业捕杀的海鸟物种。海燕的繁殖成功与捕捞巴塔哥尼亚牙鱼Dissosticus eleinoides的努力呈正相关。厄尔尼诺事件对成虫存活的负面影响有3年的时间滞后。牙鱼(MerLuccius spp.)与海燕补充量呈负相关，这表明渔业导致的死亡对较年轻的年龄阶层有很大影响。根据矩阵种群模型估计的Lambda低于替换值(0.964+/-0.026)，繁殖对的数量在21年内下降了约37%。这一下降可能是由于年轻年龄阶层和成年人的低存活率造成的。在南印度洋克罗泽群岛，人口规模在1980年代初估计为17万人，任何额外的死亡来源都将严重影响到每年近8000人。在20世纪90年代末和21世纪初，仅牙鱼渔业杀死的海燕就超过了这一门槛，但自2003.5以来一直下降到远低于这一门槛的水平。合成与应用。补充办法表明，延绳钓副渔获物和气候都对南大洋白鳍海燕种群的数量有重大影响。阻止或逆转气候变化将是一个非常缓慢的过程，而且可能是不可能的。因此，我们建议减少副渔获量，以帮助种群恢复。要了解所涉及的人口统计过程，需要提供更多关于被困在长线中的个人状况的信息。
1. Fisheries can affect non-target species through bycatch, and climate change may act simultaneously on their population dynamics. Estimating the relative impact of fisheries and climate on non-target species remains a challenge for many populations because the spatio-temporal distribution of individuals remains poorly known and available demographic information is incomplete.2. We used population survey data, capture-mark-recapture methods, population modelling and the demographic invariant method to investigate the effects of climate and fisheries on the demography of a predator species affected by bycatch. These complementary approaches were used to help account for different sources of uncertainty.3. The white-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis is the commonest seabird species killed by longline fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Petrel breeding success was positively related to the fishing effort for Patagonian toothfish Dissosticus eleginoides. El Nino, events negatively affected adult survival with a time lag of 3 years. Fishing efforts for toothfish and hake (Merluccius spp.) were negatively related to petrel recruitment, suggesting that fisheries-induced mortality strongly impacted younger age classes. Lambda estimated from matrix population models was below replacement (0.964 +/- 0.026), and the number of breeding pairs declined by approximate to 37% in 21 years. This decline was probably caused by low survival of both young age classes and adults.4. The Crozet archipelago, Southern Indian Ocean, population size was estimated at 170 000 individuals in the early 1980s, and would be severely affected by any additional source of mortality that approached 8000 individuals per year. The number of petrels killed by the toothfish fishery alone exceeded this threshold during the late 1990s and early 2000s, but has declined well below this since 2003.5. Synthesis and applications. Complementary approaches suggest that both longline fishery bycatch and climate have a significant impact on the size of the Southern Ocean white-chinned petrel population. Stopping or reversing climate change will be a very slow process, and may be impossible. Therefore,we recommend a reduction in bycatch to help the populations recover. Further information on the status of individuals caught in longlines is required to understand the demographic processes involved.