The Importance of Being on Time: Regulatory Networks Controlling Photoperiodic Flowering in Cereals.
The Importance of Being on Time: Regulatory Networks Controlling Photoperiodic Flowering in Cereals.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00665
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Fornara F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brambilla V;Gomez-Ariza J;Cerise M;Fornara F
开花是遗传信息和环境信号协调作用的结果。基因调控网络已经在植物中进化，以测量日长（或光周期）的昼夜和季节变化，从而将生殖阶段与一年中最有利的季节相匹配。植物区分不同光周期的能力将它们分为长日照和短日照物种，这取决于诱导开花的条件。热带起源的适应短日照的植物包括水稻、玉米和高粱，而小麦和大麦最初是在新月沃地驯化的，被认为是长日照的物种。在这些作物和其他作物中，在驯化和育种过程中已经人为地修改了日长测量机制，以使植物适应新的区域，以至于在任何给定物种中存在广泛多样的反应。尽管有充足的自然和人工变化的日长反应，一些基本的分子元素控制光周期开花是广泛保守的。然而，随着我们对潜在机制的理解的提高，很明显，特定的调节因子存在于许多不被其他人共享的谱系中，而显然保守的成分可以在进化过程中被招募到新的功能中。
Flowering is the result of the coordination between genetic information and environmental cues. Gene regulatory networks have evolved in plants in order to measure diurnal and seasonal variation of day length (or photoperiod), thus aligning the reproductive phase with the most favorable season of the year. The capacity of plants to discriminate distinct photoperiods classifies them into long and short day species, depending on the conditions that induce flowering. Plants of tropical origin and adapted to short day lengths include rice, maize, and sorghum, whereas wheat and barley were originally domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and are considered long day species. In these and other crops, day length measurement mechanisms have been artificially modified during domestication and breeding to adapt plants to novel areas, to the extent that a wide diversity of responses exists within any given species. Notwithstanding the ample natural and artificial variation of day length responses, some of the basic molecular elements governing photoperiodic flowering are widely conserved. However, as our understanding of the underlying mechanisms improves, it becomes evident that specific regulators exist in many lineages that are not shared by others, while apparently conserved components can be recruited to novel functions during evolution.