Potential causes for amphibian declines in Puerto Rico
Potential causes for amphibian declines in Puerto Rico
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DOI：
10.1655/03-50
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Green, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burrowes, PA;Joglar, RL;Green, DE
1989 年至 2001 年，我们监测了波多黎各 8 个物种的 11 个刺五加种群。我们确定了加勒比国家森林 (El Yunque)、卡里特森林、圣洛伦索和圣胡安附近横断面沿线活跃青蛙的相对丰度。三种物种（Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti、E. jasperi 和 E. eneidae）被认为已经灭绝，并且在海拔 400 英寸以上的地方性 Eleutherodactylus 的 6 个不同物种的 8 个种群数量正在显着减少。在世界各地两栖动物数量减少的许多可疑原因中，我们重点关注气候变化和疾病。对 1970 年至 2000 年的温度和降水数据进行了分析，以确定可能与两栖动物数量减少相关的振荡和偏差的一般模式。我们对1961-1978年收集的博物馆标本和2000年活青蛙的总共106个组织进行了检查。我们早在1976年在El Yunque收集的两个物种中就发现了壶菌，这是加勒比地区首次报告壶菌。天气数据分析表明，波多黎各存在显着的变暖趋势，以及长期干旱与两栖动物减少之间的关联。 1970 年代和 1990 年代是两栖动物灭绝和衰退的时期，比平均水平明显干燥。我们认为干旱与壶菌油两栖动物种群的病理效应之间可能存在协同相互作用。
We monitored 11 populations of eight species of Eleutherodactylus in Puerto Rico from 1989 through 2001. We determined relative abundance of active frogs along transects established in the Caribbean National Forest (El Yunque), Carite Forest, San Lorenzo, and in the vicinity of San Juan. Three species (Eleutherodactylus karlschmidti, E. jasperi, and E. eneidae) are presumed to be extinct and eight populations of six different species of endemic Eleutherodactylus are significantly declining at elevations above 400 in. Of the many suspected causes of amphibian declines around the world, we focused on climate change and disease. Temperature and precipitation data from 1970-2000 were analyzed to determine the general pattern of oscillations and deviations that could be correlated with amphibian declines. We examined a total of 106 tissues taken from museum specimens collected from 1961-1978 and from live frogs in 2000. We found chytrid fungi in two species collected at El Yunque as early as 1976, this is the first report of chytrid fungus in the Caribbean. Analysis of weather data indicates a significant warming trend and all association between years with extended periods of drought and the decline of amphibians in Puerto Rico. The 1970's and 1990's, which represent the periods of amphibian extirpations and declines, were significantly drier than average. We suggest a possible synergistic interaction between drought and the pathological effect of the chytrid fungus oil amphibian populations.