Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels
Adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels
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DOI：
10.1037/0003-066x.53.5.533
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发表时间：
1998-05-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Wakefield, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buss, DM;Haselton, MG;Wakefield, JC
适应和自然选择是进化心理学新兴科学的核心概念：自然选择是唯一能够产生复杂功能有机机制的因果过程。这些适应，沿着其附带的副产品和噪音的残余，构成了所有形式的生命。最近，S.古尔德（J. Gould，1991）提出，对于进化心理学来说，外适应和拱肩可能比适应更重要。这些是指最初不是为当前用途而产生的功能，而是为新的目的而增选的功能。他认为，许多重要的现象，如艺术、语言、商业和战争，虽然起源是进化的，但都是人类大脑的偶然产物。作者概述了适用于适应、外适应和拱肩的概念和证据标准，并讨论了这些概念在心理科学中的相对效用。
Adaptation and natural selection are central concepts in the emerging science of evolutionary psychology: Natural selection is the only blown causal process capable of producing complex functional organic mechanisms. These adaptations, along with their incidental by-products and a residue of noise, comprise all forms of life. Recently, S. J. Gould (1991) proposed that exaptations and spandrels may be more important than adaptations for evolutionary psychology. These refer to features that did not originally arise for their current use but rather were co-opted for new purposes. He suggested that many important phenomena-such as art, language, commerce, and war-although evolutionary in origin, are incidental spandrels of the large human brain. The authors outline the conceptual and evidentiary standards that apply to adaptations, exaptations, and spandrels and discuss the relative utility of these concepts for psychological science.