The "face race lightness illusion": An effect of the eyes and pupils?
The "face race lightness illusion": An effect of the eyes and pupils?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0201603
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发表时间：
2018-08-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Okubo, Matia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laeng, Bruno;Kiambarua, Kenneth Gitiye;Okubo, Matia
在一项基于互联网的强制选择“面部种族亮度错觉”测试中，大多数受访者，无论其种族如何，都表示认为非洲人脸的肤色比欧洲人脸更黑，尽管图像的平均亮度、对比度和像素数相同。在实验室中，通过眼动追踪发现，非洲人脸和欧洲人脸的注视点分布不同，因此非洲人脸局部较亮区域的注视时间相对较长，反过来，平均瞳孔直径也比欧洲人脸小。学生的大小和内隐社会态度（IAT）分数之间没有关系。在另一项实验中，面孔以速视方式（140 毫秒）或更长时间（2500 毫秒）呈现，因此，在前一种情况下，当视线被阻止直视面孔时，将非洲面孔报告为“黑暗”的倾向消失了，但当视线可以自由移动几秒钟时，这种倾向就会出现。我们得出的结论是，错觉的存在取决于动眼神经行为，并且我们还提出了一种基于感觉获取预测策略的新颖解释。具体来说，通过将目光有差别地定向到局部亮度不同的面部区域，所产生的视网膜照度变化在关注每张面部时分别产生更暗或更亮的感知，从而最大限度地减少视觉输入与学习到的种族类别感知原型之间的不匹配。
In an internet-based, forced-choice, test of the 'face race lightness illusion', the majority of respondents, regardless of their ethnicity, reported perceiving the African face as darker in skin tone than the European face, despite the mean luminance, contrast and numbers of pixels of the images were identical. In the laboratory, using eye tracking, it was found that eye fixations were distributed differently on the African face and European face, so that gaze dwelled relatively longer onto the locally brighter regions of the African face and, in turn, mean pupil diameters were smaller than for the European face. There was no relationship between pupils' size and implicit social attitude (IAT) scores. In another experiment, the faces were presented either tachistoscopically (140 ms) or longer (2500 ms) so that, when gaze was prevented from looking directly at the faces in the former condition, the tendency to report the African face as "dark" disappeared, but it was present when gaze was free to move for just a few seconds. We conclude that the presence of the illusion depends on oculomotor behavior and we also propose a novel account based on a predictive strategy of sensory acquisition. Specifically, by differentially directing gaze towards to facial regions that are locally different in luminance, the resulting changes in retinal illuminance yield respectively darker or brighter percepts while attending to each face, hence minimizing the mismatch between visual input and the learned perceptual prototypes of ethnic categories.