The More Manipulations, the Better
The More Manipulations, the Better
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操纵越多越好
DOI：
10.7551/mitpress/9780262525381.003.0022
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
B. Latour
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Latour
不变量是在感知和知晓中发生的事情。感知环境和构想环境在程度上是不同的，但在本质上是不同的。其中一个与另一个是连续的。(第258页)。吉布森多年前如此激进地提出了一项研究计划，但至今仍未完成。他说，将图像视为扁平的物体，就像是固体的煎饼，这种想法被证明是具有误导性的。几个世纪以来，关于图片和图像的大部分文字似乎都具有误导性，或者含糊得无可救药。我们应该忘掉这一切，重新开始。感知一个物体的信息不是它的形象。光中的信息用来指定某物，不必与之相似，也不必复制，也不必是一个拟像，甚至是一个精确的投影。在光中，没有任何东西被复制到观察者的眼睛里，一个物体的形状，它的表面，它的实质，它的颜色，当然也不能复制它的运动。但所有这些都是在光中指定的。(第304页)。只有把对图像作为复制品的模仿和视觉痴迷放在一边，才有可能研究科学图像。那么，这么多年来，如此多的学者在艺术、科学和P-158 Woolgar视觉4感知的联合历史的如此多方面所做的宏伟工作，以便在科学实践中突出视觉，将真正实现。
ing of invariants are what happens in both perceiving and knowing. To perceive the environment and to conceive it are different in degree but not in kind. One is continuous with the other.’ (p. 258). The research program Gibson proposed many years ago so radically, has not yet been completed: ‘The very notion of an image as a flattened-out object, a sort of pancake of a solid body, is shown to be misleading. It begins to appear that most of what has been written about pictures and images over the centuries is misleading, or hopelessly vague. We should forget it all and start fresh. The information for the perception of an object is not its image. The information in light to specify something does not have to resemble it, or copy it, or be a simulacrum or even an exact projection. Nothing is copied in the light to the eye of an observer, not the shape of a thing, not the surface of it, not its substance, not its color, and certainly not its motion. But all these things are specified in the light.’ (p. 304). Only once the mimetic and scopic obsession for an image as a copy has been put aside, will it be possible to study scientific imagery. Then, the magnificent body of work done over the years by so many scholars on so many aspects of the joint history of art, science and P-158 Woolgar Visual 4 perception in order to foreground the visual in scientific practice will really have come to fruition.