VLT instruments: industrial solutions for non-scientific detector systems
VLT instruments: industrial solutions for non-scientific detector systems
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VLT 仪器：非科学探测器系统的工业解决方案
DOI：
10.1117/12.2054718
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Mannetta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Duhoux;J. Knudstrup;P. Lilley;P. Di Marcantonio;R. Cirami;M. Mannetta
工业视觉技术和产品的最新改进，以及对高性能、经济高效的天文仪器技术探测器的日益增长的需求，促使ESO与INAF的贡献一起评估这一趋势，并制定了可互操作且与VLT标准发展兼容的特设解决方案。ESPRESSO光谱仪将是第一个采用该技术的仪器。ESO的技术CCD（以下简称TCCD）要求广泛而苛刻。需要轻量级，低维护，坚固耐用和高性能的TCCD相机产品或产品系列，可以在ESO天文台的极端环境条件下运行，维护和停机时间最少。此外，相机解决方案需要在不同的技术角色之间可互换，例如狭缝观察，瞳孔和视场稳定，在广泛的观察条件下具有优异的性能特征，并且易于最终用户使用。互操作性通过符合公认的电气、机械和软件标准而增强。详细讨论了TCCD解决方案的技术要求和评价标准。采用了一种软件架构，可以方便地与来自不同供应商的TCCD集成。与设备的通信是通过允许使用相同核心框架（业务逻辑）的专用适配器实现的。使用基于标准TCP/IP通信的以太网接口的摄像机被优先考虑。虽然首选的协议是工业标准GigE Vision，但并非所有供应商都提供带有此接口的相机，因此专有的基于套接字的协议也可以通过提供经过验证的Linux兼容API来接受。TCCD软件的一个基本要求是，它应该允许与现有的VLT软件框架无缝集成。ESPRESSO是一种光纤馈送的交叉分散梯队光谱仪，将位于智利帕拉纳天文台的VLT联合实验室。它将能够使用任何UT的光或使用最多四个UT的非相干组合光进行操作。入射光束的稳定是由专用压电系统实现的，该系统通过封闭在4 + 4专用TCCD上的有源回路来控制，用于稳定瞳孔图像和频率目标为3 Hz的2至3等星上的场。一个额外的第9 TCCD系统应使用作为曝光计。在本文中，我们将介绍未来VLT仪器的技术CCD解决方案。
Recent improvements in industrial vision technology and products together with the increasing need for high performance, cost efficient technical detectors for astronomical instrumentation have led ESO with the contribution of INAF to evaluate this trend and elaborate ad-hoc solutions which are interoperable and compatible with the evolution of VLT standards. The ESPRESSO spectrograph shall be the first instrument deploying this technology. ESO's Technical CCD (hereafter TCCD) requirements are extensive and demanding. A lightweight, low maintenance, rugged and high performance TCCD camera product or family of products is required which can operate in the extreme environmental conditions present at ESO's observatories with minimum maintenance and minimal downtime. In addition the camera solution needs to be interchangeable between different technical roles e.g. slit viewing, pupil and field stabilization, with excellent performance characteristics under a wide range of observing conditions together with ease of use for the end user. Interoperability is enhanced by conformance to recognized electrical, mechanical and software standards. Technical requirements and evaluation criteria for the TCCD solution are discussed in more detail. A software architecture has been adopted which facilitates easy integration with TCCD's from different vendors. The communication with the devices is implemented by means of dedicated adapters allowing usage of the same core framework (business logic). The preference has been given to cameras with an Ethernet interface, using standard TCP/IP based communication. While the preferred protocol is the industrial standard GigE Vision, not all vendors supply cameras with this interface, hence proprietary socket-based protocols are also acceptable with the provision of a validated Linux compliant API. A fundamental requirement of the TCCD software is that it shall allow for a seamless integration with the existing VLT software framework. ESPRESSO is a fiber-fed, cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph that will be located in the Combined-Coudé Laboratory of the VLT in the Paranal Observatory in Chile. It will be able to operate either using the light of any of the UT's or using the incoherently combined light of up to four UT's. The stabilization of the incoming beam is achieved by dedicated piezo systems controlled via active loops closed on 4 + 4 dedicated TCCD's for the stabilization of the pupil image and of the field with a frequency goal of 3 Hz on a 2nd to 3rd magnitude star. An additional 9th TCCD system shall be used as an exposure-meter. In this paper we will present the technical CCD solution for future VLT instruments.