Stroke and TIA: epidemiology, risk factors, and the need for early intervention.
Stroke and TIA: epidemiology, risk factors, and the need for early intervention.
复制标题
中风和 TIA：流行病学、危险因素以及早期干预的必要性。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
M. Fisher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Fisher
有过卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）的患者卒中复发的风险是显著的。报告出现脑血管事件症状的个人必须立即接受医疗治疗——最好是去医院——以帮助确定其起源和影响。许多研究人员建议任何评估都包括神经影像学研究，以针对那些从二级预防（如抗血栓治疗）中获益最多的患者。本文定义了中风的两种主要类型及其各自的亚型，并讨论了如何定义中风与TIA的争论。此外，这篇文章还讨论了中风的发病率、相关的发病率和死亡率，以及一些使个体易患中风和复发性中风的危险因素。已经建立了几个系统来帮助确定具有并发危险因素的患者中风的可能性。可以采取二级预防措施来处理许多这些危险因素。早期干预的重要性不容低估。在中风或短暂性脑缺血发作后迅速治疗可使脑血管损伤最小化并防止复发；处理可改变的危险因素可以降低随后发生心脑血管事件的风险。促进有效的二级预防治疗的启动必须成为管理护理的优先事项。
The risk of recurrent stroke in patients who have suffered a prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) is significant. It is imperative that individuals who report symptoms of a cerebrovascular event receive immediate medical attention--preferably at a hospital--to help determine its origin and impact. Many researchers recommend that any evaluation include neuroimaging studies to target those patients who would benefit most from secondary prevention, such as antithrombotic therapy. This article defines the 2 main types of stroke and their respective subtypes and discusses the debate over how to define stroke versus TIA. Additionally, the article talks about the incidence of stroke, related morbidity and mortality rates, and several risk factors that predispose an individual to stroke and recurrent stroke. Several systems have been established to help determine the likelihood of stroke for patients with concurrent risk factors. Measures for secondary prevention can be initiated to address many of these risk factors. The importance of early intervention cannot be underestimated. Rapid treatment following a stroke or TIA can minimize cerebrovascular damage and prevent recurrence; addressing modifiable risk factors can reduce the risk of subsequent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Facilitating the initiation of effective secondary preventive therapy must become a priority in managed care.