Information science. Standards and infrastructure for innovation data exchange.
Information science. Standards and infrastructure for innovation data exchange.
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信息科学。
DOI：
10.1126/science.1221840
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Weinberg,BruceA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Haak,LaurelL;Baker,David;Ginther,DonnaK;Gordon,GreggJ;Probus,MatthewA;Kannankutty,Nirmala;Weinberg,BruceA
经济增长在一定程度上取决于研究与发展知识的有效推进和应用。这就需要获得有关科学的数据，特别是研究与发展的投入和产出，如赠款、专利、出版物和数据集，以帮助了解研究与发展信息是如何产生的，以及影响其可用性的因素。但是，不同国家、不同学科、不同数据提供者和不同行业的研发相关数据存在不和谐的声音。研究人员和政策制定者背负着不一致的数据负担，没有什么激励或机制来分享或链接经过清理的数据集。对这些数据的访问受到法律、法规和实践拼凑而成的限制，这些法律、法规和实践的应用和解释不平衡。基于网络的数据共享和分析基础设施可能会有所帮助。数据交换标准是第一步。我们描述了管理和技术需求以及满足这些需求的机会。
Economic growth relies in part on efficient advancement and application of research and development (R&D) knowledge. This requires access to data about science—in particular, R&D inputs and outputs such as grants, patents, publications, and data sets, to support an understanding of how R&D information is produced and what affects its availability. But there is a cacophony of R&D-related data across countries, disciplines, data providers, and sectors. Burdened with data that are inconsistently specified, researchers and policy-makers have few incentives or mechanisms to share or interlink cleaned data sets. Access to these data is limited by a patchwork of laws, regulations, and practices that are unevenly applied and interpreted . A Web-based infrastructure for data sharing and analysis could help. Data exchange standards are a first step. We describe administrative and technical demands and opportunities to meet them.