Accelerating Opioid Use Disorders Research by Integrating Multiple Data Modalities.
Accelerating Opioid Use Disorders Research by Integrating Multiple Data Modalities.
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通过整合多种数据模式加速阿片类药物使用障碍研究。
DOI：
10.1159/000525079
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sanchez-Roige,Sandra
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bianchi,SevimB;Jeffery,AlvinD;Samuels,DavidC;Schirle,Lori;Palmer,AbrahamA;Sanchez-Roige,Sandra
我们正处于全球阿片类药物流行病之中，这种流行病是由处方阿片类药物和非法阿片类药物的滥用造成的。指标是压倒性的；例如，阿片类药物过量死亡人数已从 2019 年的每天 137 人攀升至 2021 年的每天 255 人[1-3]，这是有史以来报道的阿片类药物过量的最高每日发生率。多年来，阿片类药物使用障碍 (OUD) 的发展路径一直在波动。在 2000 年代初，报告阿片类药物滥用的人中有 80% 是从海洛因开始服用的，而在 2000 年代报告阿片类药物滥用的人中有 75% 是从处方阿片类止痛药开始的 [4]。自 2013 年以来，海洛因和非法芬太尼的使用量激增，这可能是由于对阿片类药物处方的监管更加严格 [5]。因此，迫切需要开展旨在阐明 OUD 危险因素的研究。然而，OUD 的性质极其复杂。与其他精神和医学疾病共存是一种规律，而不是例外[6]。此外，OUD 是从首次使用（处方或非法阿片类药物）到定期使用、长期使用、依赖、滥用和 OUD 的一系列动态转变的进展。此外，如前所述，记录的风险因素有多种，可能会影响其中的一些转变（[7-9]，框 1）。了解使人们面临每次转变风险的因素将产生丰富的阿片类药物相关行为和 OUD 风险概况，这可能有助于
We are in the midst of a global opioid epidemic, which is driven by the misuse of both prescription and illicit opioids. The metrics are overwhelming; eg, opioid overdose deaths have climbed from 137 per day in 2019 to 255 per day in 2021 [1–3], which is the highest daily rate of opioid overdoses ever reported. The path toward opioid use disorders (OUDs) has fluctuated over the years. In the early 1960s, 80% of individuals reporting opioid misuse initiated with heroin, while 75% of those who reported opioid misuse in the 2000s initiated with prescription opioid pain relievers [4]. Since 2013, there has been a spike in heroin and illicit fentanyl use perhaps due to more stringent regulations governing opioid prescriptions [5]. Therefore, studies focused on elucidating the risk factors for OUD are urgently needed. However, the nature of OUD is extremely complex. Comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical conditions is the rule rather than the exception [6]. In addition, OUD is the progression of a dynamic series of transitions from first use (of either prescription or illegal opioids) to regular use, chronic use, dependence, misuse, and OUD. Furthermore, the risk factors documented are multiple, which can impact several of these transitions, as previously reviewed ([7–9], Box 1). Understanding the factors that put people at risk for each of the transitions would yield a rich profile of risk for opioid-related behaviors and OUD, which could aid