Psychological well‐being of orphans in Dar El Salaam, Tanzania
Psychological well‐being of orphans in Dar El Salaam, Tanzania
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坦桑尼亚达累尔萨拉姆孤儿的心理健康状况
DOI：
10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01671.x
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sally Grantham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Makame;C. Ani;Sally Grantham
41名孤儿的父亲和/或母亲死于艾滋病，生活在坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的贫困郊区，与41名来自同一社区的非孤儿进行了比较。受试者进行了算术测试和半结构化问卷调查，内容涉及任何内化问题，他们在学校的出勤率以及他们的惩罚，奖励和饥饿经历。内化问题量表由兰德心理健康量表和贝克抑郁量表中的情绪、悲观、躯体症状、失败感、焦虑、积极情感和情感联系等21个项目组成。大多数孤儿和叔叔阿姨住在一起。与非孤儿相比，他们上学的可能性明显较低，但那些上学的人的算术成绩相似。更多的孤儿饿着肚子上床睡觉。与非孤儿相比，孤儿的内化问题明显增加（p < 0.0001），34%的人报告说他们在过去一年中曾考虑自杀。多元回归分析表明，内化问题分数的独立预测因素是性别（女性高于男性），饿着肚子上床睡觉，没有奖励良好的行为，目前没有上学，以及作为一个孤儿。
Forty‐one orphans whose fathers and/or mothers had died from AIDS, and were living in the poor suburbs of Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, were compared with 41 matched non‐orphans from the same neighbourhoods. The subjects were given an arithmetic test and a semi‐structured questionnaire concerning any internalizing problems, their attendance at school and their experiences of punishment, reward and hunger. The scale of internalizing problems comprised 21 items adapted from the Rand Mental Health and Beck Depression Inventories concerning mood, pessimism, somatic symptoms, sense of failure, anxiety, positive affect and emotional ties. Most orphans lived with aunts and uncles. Compared with non‐orphans, they were significantly less likely to be in school but those who did attend school had similar arithmetic scores. Significantly more orphans went to bed hungry. Orphans had markedly increased internalizing problems compared with non‐orphans (p < 0.0001) and 34% reported they had contemplated suicide in the past year. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the independent predictors of internalizing problem scores were sex (females higher than males), going to bed hungry, no reward for good behaviour, not currently attending school, as well as being an orphan.