Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa
Lithic technological responses to Late Pleistocene glacial cycling at Pinnacle Point Site 5-6, South Africa
复制标题
南非 Pinnacle Point Site 5-6 的石器技术对更新世晚期冰川循环的响应
作者：
Jayne Wilkins;Kyle S. Brown;Simen Oestmo;Telmo Pereira;Kathryn L. Ranhorn;Benjamin J. Schoville;C. Marean
关于人类对晚更新世冰川循环的反应有多种假设，包括人口规模，相互联系和流动性的变化。石器技术分析告诉我们人类对环境变化的反应，因为石器组合特征反映了原材料运输、减少和丢弃行为，这些行为取决于狩猎采集者的社会和经济决策。南非西开普省的Pinnacle Point 5-6（PP 5 -6）是研究冰川循环对早期现代人类行为影响的理想地点，因为它保存了跨越海洋同位素阶段（MIS）5，4和3的长序列，并与古环境变化的强有力记录有关。这里提出的分析解决的问题，什么，如果有的话，在PP 5 -6的岩性组合特征代表变化的行为响应MIS 5-4-3间冰期-冰期循环？它在统计上评估了93个性状的变化，没有先验假设哪些性状可能与MIS显著相关。与其他声称气候变化的大尺度模式与石器技术之间几乎没有关系的研究相反，我们确定了与MIS 4相关的以下特征：增加使用石英，增加石英岩和硅结砾岩露头来源的证据，增加硅结砾岩减少早期阶段的证据，增加所有原料类型的剥落效率的证据，以及硅结砾岩工具类型和功能的变化。基于这些结果，我们认为，觅食的MIS 4冰川环境条件在PP 5 -6增加人口或群体规模，“地方供应”，更长和/或更激烈的现场职业，并减少住宅的流动性。其他几个性状，包括硅结砾岩频率，不表现出与MIS的关联。背衬碎片一旦在MIS 4期间出现在PP 5 -6记录中，就会持续到MIS 3。变化的古环境解释了PP 5 -6的一些但不是所有的时间技术变化。
There are multiple hypotheses for human responses to glacial cycling in the Late Pleistocene, including changes in population size, interconnectedness, and mobility. Lithic technological analysis informs us of human responses to environmental change because lithic assemblage characteristics are a reflection of raw material transport, reduction, and discard behaviors that depend on hunter-gatherer social and economic decisions. Pinnacle Point Site 5–6 (PP5-6), Western Cape, South Africa is an ideal locality for examining the influence of glacial cycling on early modern human behaviors because it preserves a long sequence spanning marine isotope stages (MIS) 5, 4, and 3 and is associated with robust records of paleoenvironmental change. The analysis presented here addresses the question, what, if any, lithic assemblage traits at PP5-6 represent changing behavioral responses to the MIS 5-4-3 interglacial-glacial cycle? It statistically evaluates changes in 93 traits with no a priori assumptions about which traits may significantly associate with MIS. In contrast to other studies that claim that there is little relationship between broad-scale patterns of climate change and lithic technology, we identified the following characteristics that are associated with MIS 4: increased use of quartz, increased evidence for outcrop sources of quartzite and silcrete, increased evidence for earlier stages of reduction in silcrete, evidence for increased flaking efficiency in all raw material types, and changes in tool types and function for silcrete. Based on these results, we suggest that foragers responded to MIS 4 glacial environmental conditions at PP5-6 with increased population or group sizes, ‘place provisioning’, longer and/or more intense site occupations, and decreased residential mobility. Several other traits, including silcrete frequency, do not exhibit an association with MIS. Backed pieces, once they appear in the PP5-6 record during MIS 4, persist through MIS 3. Changing paleoenvironments explain some, but not all temporal technological variability at PP5-6.
先前未描述的有机残留物揭示了中石器时代的热处理
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Schmidt;Porraz;Bellot-Gurlet;February;Ligouis;Texier;Parkington;Miller;Nickel;Conard
通讯作者：
Conard