Land use and management effects on soil carbon in U.S. Lake States, with emphasis on forestry, fire, and reforestation
Land use and management effects on soil carbon in U.S. Lake States, with emphasis on forestry, fire, and reforestation
复制标题
土地利用和管理对美国湖泊州土壤碳的影响，重点是林业、火灾和重新造林
DOI：
10.1002/eap.2356
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Swanston, C. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nave, L. E.;DeLyser, K.;Domke, G. M.;Janowiak, M. K.;Ontl, T. A.;Sprague, E.;Walters, B. F.;Swanston, C. W.
人们越来越需要量化和传达土地使用和管理活动如何在与土地所有者和森林管理者相关的尺度上以及在土地所有者和森林管理者的有形控制下影响土壤有机碳(SOC)。出版物的不断增加以及数据集、数据合成和元分析方法的不断增长，使人们能够在更精细的范围内使用强大的工具来解决这类问题。在这项分析中，我们结合了文献综述和效应大小荟萃分析与两个大型、独立的观察性数据库，以评估土地利用和管理如何影响SOC储量，主要是关于林地使用。我们为美国(五大湖)湖州开展了这项工作，这些州占美国陆地面积的6%，但占美国森林面积的7%和森林SOC的9%，作为一系列生态区域SOC评估的第二项。最重要的是，我们的分析表明，与土地利用或管理相比，土壤质地和母质等自然因素对SOC储量的控制更大。在此背景下，我们的分析还指出了哪些自然因素对SOC存储的管理影响最大。我们报告了随着收获而显著减少的表层土壤SOC储量的总体趋势，这在所有三个数据集上都是一致的，同时也展示了某些地点和土壤如何偏离这一模式，包括一些表现出相反趋势的地点和土壤。火灾的影响在很大程度上反映了收获的影响，在剖面顶部附近有所下降，但在深度处有潜在的收益，当考虑整个剖面时，没有净变化。显示出重大SOC影响的土地利用变化仅限于在贫瘠的采矿基质上重新造林(大量和可变的收益)和将原生森林转变为耕种(损失)。我们描述了观测数据中的模式，揭示了优先使用土地的物理基础，例如，种植具有最有利物理性质的土壤，以及在最边缘的土壤上建立森林种植园，并使用这些模式来确定管理机会和考虑因素。我们还根据不同方法的支持程度，对我们的结果进行信任度评级，并提供简明、合理的策略，使管理操作适应特定站点的标准和SOC漏洞。
There is growing need to quantify and communicate how land use and management activities influence soil organic carbon (SOC) at scales relevant to, and in the tangible control of landowners and forest managers. The continued proliferation of publications and growth of data sets, data synthesis and meta‐analysis approaches allows the application of powerful tools to such questions at ever finer scales. In this analysis, we combined a literature review and effect‐size meta‐analysis with two large, independent, observational databases to assess how land use and management impact SOC stocks, primarily with regards to forest land uses. We performed this work for the (Great Lakes) U.S. Lake States, which comprise 6% of the land area, but 7% of the forest and 9% of the forest SOC in the United States, as the second in a series of ecoregional SOC assessments. Most importantly, our analysis indicates that natural factors, such as soil texture and parent material, exert more control over SOC stocks than land use or management. With that for context, our analysis also indicates which natural factors most influence management impacts on SOC storage. We report an overall trend of significantly diminished topsoil SOC stocks with harvesting, consistent across all three data sets, while also demonstrating how certain sites and soils diverge from this pattern, including some that show opposite trends. Impacts of fire grossly mirror those of harvesting, with declines near the top of the profile, but potential gains at depth and no net change when considering the whole profile. Land use changes showing significant SOC impacts are limited to reforestation on barren mining substrates (large and variable gains) and conversion of native forest to cultivation (losses). We describe patterns within the observational data that reveal the physical basis for preferential land use, e.g., cultivation of soils with the most favorable physical properties, and forest plantation establishment on the most marginal soils, and use these patterns to identify management opportunities and considerations. We also qualify our results with ratings of confidence, based on their degree of support across approaches, and offer concise, defensible tactics for adapting management operations to site‐specific criteria and SOC vulnerability.