Relationships between minimum temperature and fruit production in some tropical forest trees in Gabon
Relationships between minimum temperature and fruit production in some tropical forest trees in Gabon
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DOI：
10.1017/s0266467400007239
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发表时间：
1993-05
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
C. Tutin;Michel Fernandez
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Tutin;Michel Fernandez
确定触发并同步热带植物繁殖事件的环境因素一直很困难（Borchert 1983，Longman & Jenik 1987）。热带森林中水果的产量随季节变化（Baker et al. 1983、Frankie et al. 1974、Janzen 1967、Tutin et al. 1991 b），开花和结果的年际变化可能很大，但除了少数例外，引发开花的环境因素尚未确定。热带地区的气候相对稳定，但降雨量的增加和温度的升高（还有日照时间，一种可能与温度相关的衡量标准）都被认为是触发开花的信号（Corlett 1990，Fleming & Williams 1990，Lieberman 1982，Wycherley 1973）。东南亚森林的“桅杆”开花涉及更复杂机制的证据：自上一个桅杆季节以来经过的年数与每日日照时间之间的相互作用似乎决定了一系列树种开花同步的数量和程度（van Schaik 1986）。在异花授粉方面，一个物种内同步开花的优势是显而易见的，但开花对生理有要求，而且在许多季节性物种中，个别树木并不是每年都开花（Bullock & Bawa 1982，Frankie et al. 1974）。内部因素和外部线索之间的相互作用可能会混淆生殖物候因果关系的分析（Borchert 1983）。水果或种子是生活在加蓬中部洛佩保护区（南纬 0? 10'，东经 11? 35'）热带森林中的八种昼夜灵长类动物的主要食物成分。灵长类动物吃的水果表现出形态适应，促进完整种子的传播，灵长类动物在
It has been difficult to identify the environmental cues that trigger, and thus synchronize, reproductive events in tropical plants (Borchert 1983, Longman & Jenik 1987). The production of fruit in tropical forests varies seasonally (Baker et al. 1983, Frankie et al. 1974, Janzen 1967, Tutin et al. 1991 b) and inter-annual variation in flowering and fruiting can be great but, with few exceptions, the environmental cues that trigger flowering have not been identified. The climate of tropical areas is relatively constant but both increased rainfall and increased temperature (also hours of sunlight, a measure likely to be correlated with temperature) have been suggested as signals that trigger flowering (Corlett 1990, Fleming & Williams 1990, Lieberman 1982, Wycherley 1973). Evidence for a more complex mechanism has been implicated in the 'mast' flowering in south-east Asian forests: an interaction between the years elapsed since the previous mast season and daily hours of sunlight seemed to determine the quantity and degree of synchrony of flowering in a range of tree species (van Schaik 1986). The advantages of synchronous flowering within a species, in terms of cross-pollination, are obvious, but flowering is physiologically demanding and within many seasonal species, individual trees do not flower every year (Bullock & Bawa 1982, Frankie et al. 1974). Interactions between internal factors and external cues are likely to confound analyses of causality of reproductive phenology (Borchert 1983). Fruit or seeds are major components of the diets of eight diurnal primate species living in tropical forest in the Lope Reserve in central Gabon (0? 10' S, 11? 35' E). Fruits eaten by primates show morphological adaptations that encourage the dispersal of intact seeds, and primates play a major role in the