General and Specific Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Goliath Defeats David?
General and Specific Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia: Goliath Defeats David?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.005
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Gur, Ruben C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickinson, Dwight;Ragland, J. Daniel;Gur, Ruben C.
背景资料：我们早期的工作表明，精神分裂症患者相对于健康对照组的认知功能障碍是普遍的，跨越了较窄的认知能力维度。目前的分析试图扩展这些findings.Methods：17个神经心理变量，可用于148精神分裂症患者和157名对照组，进行结构方程建模。分析采用了一个层次模型，将变量分为六个熟悉的认知领域，并将这些变量与一个高阶的一般认知能力因素联系起来。我们将诊断作为分组因素添加到模型中，并估计从诊断到一般认知因素以及单独到领域因素的负荷。非范数拟合指数[NNFI] = .988）。大约63.6%的诊断相关的认知性能的方差介导的一般因素，与较小的直接影响言语记忆（13.8%）和处理速度（9.1%）。结论：精神分裂症的认知缺陷是在很大程度上广义的性能域，与小，诊断组的直接影响局限于选定的域。这种普遍的缺陷有时被视为传统认知测试组合的心理测量局限性的函数。或者，它可能是精神分裂症的一种基本表现，具有类似的一般神经生物学基础。
Background: Our earlier work suggested that the cognitive performance impairment in individuals with schizophrenia relative to healthy control subjects was generalized, cutting across narrower cognitive ability dimensions. Current analyses sought to extend these findings.Methods: Seventeen neuropsychological variables, available for 148 schizophrenia subjects and 157 control subjects, were subjected to structural equation modeling. Analyses incorporated a hierarchical model, grouping the variables into six familiar cognitive domains and linking these to a higher-order, general cognitive ability factor. We added diagnosis to the model as a grouping factor and estimated loadings from diagnosis to the general cognitive factor and, separately, to the domain factors.Results: The fit of the final model was good (e.g., Non-Normed Fit Index [NNFI] = .988). Approximately 63.6% of the diagnosis-related variance in cognitive performance was mediated through the general factor, with smaller direct effects on verbal memory (13.8%) and processing speed (9.1%).Conclusions: The schizophrenia cognitive deficit is largely generalized across performance domains, with small, direct effects of diagnostic group confined to selected domains. This generalized deficit sometimes has been seen as a function of the psychometric limitations of traditional cognitive test batteries. Alternatively, it may be a fundamental manifestation of schizophrenia, with similarly general neurobiological underpinnings.