Instrumentation studies for a European extremely large telescope: a strawman instrument suite and implications for telescope design
Instrumentation studies for a European extremely large telescope: a strawman instrument suite and implications for telescope design
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欧洲超大望远镜的仪器研究：稻草人仪器套件及其对望远镜设计的影响
DOI：
10.1117/12.566351
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Redfern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Russell;T. Hawarden;E. Atad;S. Ramsay;A. Quirrenbach;R. Bacon;R. Redfern
欧洲超大型望远镜的计划进展得相当顺利。然而，到目前为止，对仪器设计的审查只针对预期的科学要求，对望远镜的设计考虑几乎没有影响。然而，为仪器提供合适的环境是所有大型望远镜设计的关键部分。我们用最近的经验举例说明这一点。作为欧盟框架计划6(FP6)下拟议的欧洲英语教学设计研究的一部分，工作包将探讨这一问题，同时还将开发具有科学可靠性的成套仪器的设计。对于三种仪器，将进行足够详细的机械和光学设计研究，以确定望远镜的设计驱动因素。它们是广域视场受限或地面声光校正(GLAO)光学/近红外光谱仪(WFSPEC)；经MCAO校正的O/NIR多目标多场光谱仪-成像仪(MOMSI)，它带来了特别艰巨的挑战；以及中红外高分辨率声光校正成像仪-光谱仪(MIDIR)。将对五台仪器的设计进行不那么详细的审查：一台名为Planet Finder的经XAO校正的日冕成像光谱仪(其目标是探测和表征太阳系外行星)；一台非常高分辨率的光谱仪HISPEC；一台高时间分辨率仪器HITRI，旨在能够对微弱快速变化的天体进行光度测量、旋光测量和相分辨光谱分析；一台名为GRB-Catcher的快速反应宽带多功能仪器；以及一台亚毫米级成像器Scuba-3。另一项小型研究将寻求不包括在主套房中的创新设计。另一项计划将通过检查30至100米衍射限制望远镜的大气色散校正(ADC)要求来启动该计划，这可能需要主动传感，并可能需要对大气湍流时间尺度进行“自适应”校正。除SCUBA3外，所有这些研究都需要自适应光学研究的支持，因为大多数仪器将完全依赖于AO：仪器和AO小组之间的密切沟通在这里和一般情况下都是必不可少的。
Plans for a European Extremely Large Telescope are quite well advanced. However examination of instrument designs has thus far been directed only at covering the anticipated science requirements and has had little impact on telescope design considerations. Nevertheless, the provision of a suitable environment for instruments is a critical part of the design of all large telescopes. We illustrate this point with examples from recent experience. A Work Package, part of a proposed Design Study for a European ELT under the European Union's Framework Programme 6 (FP6), will explore this issue, while also developing designs for a scientifically credible instrument suite. For three instruments mechanical and optical design studies will be carried out in sufficient detail clearly to identify design drivers for the telescope. These are a wide-field seeing limited or ground-layer AO-corrected (GLAO) optical/NIR spectrometer, WFSPEC; an MCAO-corrected O/NIR Multi-Object Multi-field Spectrometer-Imager, MOMSI, which offers particularly daunting challenges; and a mid-infrared high-resolution AO-corrected Imager-Spectrometer instrument, MIDIR. Five instrument designs will be examined in less detail: an extreme-AO (XAO) corrected coronagraphic imager-spectrometer known as Planet Finder (the goal of which is the detection and characterization of terrestrial exo-planets); a very high resolution spectrometer, HISPEC; a high time-resolution instrument, HITRI, intended to allow photometry, polarimetry and phase-resolved spectroscopy of faint rapidly varying objects; a fast-response broad-band multi-function instrument known as GRB-catcher; and a sub-millimeter imager, SCUBA-3. A separate small study will seek innovative designs not included in the main suite. Another will initiate the program by examining the requirements of atmospheric dispersion correction (ADC) for 30 to 100-m diffraction-limited telescopes, which may require active sensing and, possibly, "adaptive" correction on atmospheric turbulence timescales. All these studies -- except that of SCUBA3 -- will require support from Adaptive Optics studies, as most instruments will be utterly dependent on AO: close communication between instrument and AO groups is essential, here and in general.