Spatiotemporal transcriptomics reveals the evolutionary history of the endoderm germ layer.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomics reveals the evolutionary history of the endoderm germ layer.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature13996
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发表时间：
2015-03-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Yanai, Itai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashimshony, Tamar;Feder, Martin;Levin, Michal;Hall, Brian K.;Yanai, Itai
150年来，胚层概念一直是发育生物学、分类学、系统学和进化学中最重要的组织原则之一。在这三个胚层中，中胚层存在于两侧生动物中，但在刺胞门和栉水母门的物种中却没有，这被认为是中胚层是进化的最后胚层的证据。然而，外胚层和内胚层胚层的起源仍然不清楚，模型支持每一个的先行性以及同时起源。在这里，我们确定跨越胚胎发育的所有秀丽隐杆线虫基因的基因表达的时间和空间成分，并用它来确定胚层的进化年龄。中胚层的基因表达程序在外胚层和内胚层的基因表达程序之后被诱导，从而使其成为进化和发育的最后一个胚层。引人注目的是，C.秀丽线虫内胚层和外胚层表达程序不共诱导;相反，内胚层活化更早，并且这也在热带爪蟾（Xenopus tropicalis）、Nematostella vectensis和海绵Amphimedon queenslandica的胚胎学期间内胚层直向同源物的表达中观察到。查询特定表达基因的系统发育年龄显示，内胚层是由较老的基因。两者合计，我们建议内胚层程序可以追溯到多细胞的起源，而外胚层起源于从祖先的喂养功能中解放出来的次级胚层。
The germ layer concept has been one of the foremost organizing principles in developmental biology, classification, systematics and evolution for 150 years. Of the three germ layers, the mesoderm is found in bilaterian animals but is absent in species in the phyla Cnidaria and Ctenophora, which has been taken as evidence that the mesoderm was the final germ layer to evolve. The origin of the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers, however, remains unclear with models supporting the antecedence of each as well as a simultaneous origin. Here, we determine the temporal and spatial components of gene expression spanning embryonic development for all Caenorhabditis elegans genes and use it to determine the evolutionary ages of the germ layers. The gene expression program of the mesoderm is induced after those of the ectoderm and endoderm, thus making it the last germ layer to both evolve and develop. Strikingly, the C. elegans endoderm and ectoderm expression programs do not co-induce; rather the endoderm activates earlier, and this is observed also in the expression of endoderm orthologs during the embryology of Xenopus tropicalis, Nematostella vectensis, and the sponge Amphimedon queenslandica. Querying for the phylogenetic ages of specifically expressed genes revealed that the endoderm is comprised of older genes. Taken together, we propose that the endoderm program dates back to the origin of multicellularity, while the ectoderm originated as a secondary germ layer freed from ancestral feeding functions.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Anavy, Leon;Levin, Michal;Yanai, Itai
通讯作者：
Yanai, Itai
使用orthomcl将蛋白质分配给Orthomcl-DB组或将蛋白质组群集分为新的直系同源组。
影响因子：
--
作者：
Fischer, Steve;Brunk, Brian P;Chen, Feng;Gao, Xin;Harb, Omar S;Iodice, John B;Shanmugam, Dhanasekaran;Roos, David S;Stoeckert, Christian J Jr
通讯作者：
Stoeckert, Christian J Jr
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Helm RR;Siebert S;Tulin S;Smith J;Dunn CW
通讯作者：
Dunn CW
DOI：
10.1002/jez.b.21442
发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Leys, Sally P.;Riesgo, Ana
通讯作者：
Riesgo, Ana
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
McGhee, James D.;Fukushige, Tetsunari;Krause, Michael W.;Minnema, Stephanie E.;Goszczynski, Barbara;Gaudet, Jeb;Kohara, Yuji;Bossinger, Olaf;Zhao, Yongjun;Khattra, Jaswinder;Hirst, Martin;Jones, Steven J. M.;Marra, Marco A.;Ruzanov, Peter;Warner, Adam;Zapf, Richard;Moerman, Donald G.;Kalb, John M.
通讯作者：
Kalb, John M.