Role of syringeal muscles in gating airflow and sound production in singing brown thrashers
Role of syringeal muscles in gating airflow and sound production in singing brown thrashers
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1996.75.2.867
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发表时间：
1996-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Suthers, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goller, F;Suthers, RA
1. 研究了鸣叫的棕尾弓形虫（Toxostoma rufum）的鸣管肌肉在鸣叫中的作用，特别是在调节通过鸣管的气流方面。在9例患者中，肌电图记录了肌肉活动、双侧注射器气流、注射器下气囊压力和声音输出。背侧肌肉，背侧注射器肌（dS）和背侧气管支气管肌（dTB），在同侧注射器闭合或注射器阻力增加时持续激活，表明它们的主要作用是内收。这种解释得到了伴随气流速率快速振荡的音节的运动模式的支持。背部肌肉的电活动爆发（2-10毫秒）与减少的气流精确同步。气管支气管炎腹侧支气管炎（vTB）和气管支气管炎（TL）的电活动与主动外展有关。vTB的一个重要贡献是为音节之间的短吸气打开注射器腔。在振荡流量调制的音节中，vTB爆发随流量增加的相位表现出可变的排列。从这一点和其他音节的活动来看，似乎在发音过程中，vTB的活动精细地调整了注射器的结构，这是由背侧肌肉的作用设定的，进入了部分收缩的状态。外肌TL腹侧部分的活动与内肌vTB的活动惊人地相似，这表明这两块肌肉具有相似的功能作用。这支持了鸣禽的内在注射器肌肉是从非雀形目动物的外在肌肉进化而来的观点。腹侧静脉分枝杆菌（vS）似乎不直接参与气流的门控。它的活性与注射器耐药性的积极变化并不一致相关。在气流速率的快速变化或呼气和吸气气流的切换时，胸骨支气管炎（ST）的活动最为突出，表明其在稳定注射器框架中起作用。
1. The role of syringeal muscles in song production, particularly in regulating airflow through the syrinx, was studied in singing brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum). In nine individuals, muscle activity was recorded electromyographically together with bilateral syringeal airflow, subsyringeal air sac pressure, and vocal output.2. Dorsal muscles, m. syringealis dorsalis (dS) and m. tracheobronchialis dorsalis (dTB), are consistently activated during ipsilateral closing of the syrinx or increasing syringeal resistance, suggesting that their main role is adduction. This interpretation is supported by the motor patterns accompanying syllables with rapid oscillations in the rate of airflow. Bursts of electrical activity (2-10 ms) in dorsal muscles are precisely synchronized with decreasing airflow.3. Electrical activity in m. tracheobronchialis ventralis (vTB) and m. tracheolateralis (TL) is associated with active abduction. An important contribution of vTB is to open the syringeal lumen for short inspirations in between syllables. In syllables with oscillatory flow modulations, vTB bursts show variable alignment with the phase of increasing flow. From this and activity during other syllables, it appears that, during phonation, vTB activity fine tunes the syringeal configuration, which is set by action of the dorsal muscles into a partially constricted state.4. Activity in the ventral portion of TL, an extrinsic muscle, is strikingly similar to that of vTB, an intrinsic muscle, suggesting that the two muscles have a similar functional role. This supports the notion that intrinsic syringeal muscles of songbirds evolved from extrinsic muscles of nonpasserines.5. M. syringealis ventralis (vS) does not appear to contribute directly to gating of airflow. Its activity is not consistently correlated with active changes in syringeal resistance.6. Activity in m. sternotrachealis (ST) is most prominent during rapid changes in the rate of airflow or when switching between expiratory and inspiratory flow, suggesting a role in stabilizing the syringeal framework.