Mindfulness Training for Adolescents with Externalizing Disorders and their Parents
Mindfulness Training for Adolescents with Externalizing Disorders and their Parents
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DOI：
10.1017/s1352465808004190
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Restifo, Kathleen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bogels, Susan;Hoogstad, Bert;Restifo, Kathleen
正念训练被评估为治疗患有各种不同外化障碍的青少年注意力和冲动问题的新疗法：注意力缺陷多动障碍、对立违抗和/或行为障碍以及以外化问题行为为特征的自闭症谱系障碍。有人认为，这三种疾病之间的大量重叠可能部分是由于共同的潜在注意力和行为控制缺陷所致。十四名临床转诊的患有外在障碍的青少年接受了团体形式的正念训练。与此同时，他们的父母也接受了正念育儿培训。在候补名单前后、8 周培训后以及 8 周随访时对青少年及其父母进行了测量。大多数变量在候补名单期间没有出现改善。经过正念训练后，孩子们自我报告称，在个人目标、内化和外化抱怨、注意力问题、幸福感和正念意识方面都有显着改善，并且在持续注意力测试中表现更好。同样，父母报告说，孩子的目标、外化和注意力问题、自我控制、与他人协调和退缩等方面都有所改善。此外，父母也提高了自己的目标。训练后8周仍保持改善。与正念理论一致，训练后儿童意识的提高预示着家长评价的儿童症状的长期改善。对于临床转诊的有注意力和冲动问题的青少年来说，父母和孩子同时进行正念训练似乎是一种很有前途的方法。
Mindfulness training was evaluated as a new treatment for attention and impulsivity problems in adolescents with a variety of different externalizing disorders: attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, oppositional-defiant and/or conduct disorder, and autism spectrum disorder if characterized by externalizing problem behaviour. It was argued that the large overlap between these three disorders may be partially explained by common underlying attention and behaviour control deficits. Fourteen clinically referred adolescents suffering from externalizing disorders followed mindfulness training in a group format. Parallel, their parents received mindful parenting training. Adolescents and their parents were measured before and after waitlist, after 8-week training, and at 8-week follow-up. No improvement occurred during waitlist on most variables. After mindfulness training, children self-reported substantial improvement on personal goals, internalizing and externalizing complaints, attention problems, happiness, and mindful awareness, and performed better on a sustained attention test. Likewise, parents reported improvement on children's goals, externalizing and attention problems, self-control, attunement to others and withdrawal. In addition, parents improved on their own goals. Improvement was maintained 8 weeks after the training. Consistent with mindfulness theory, increased child awareness after training predicted longer-term improvement in parent-rated child symptoms. Concomitant parent and child mindfulness training appears to be a promising approach for clinic-referred adolescents with attention and impulsivity problems.