Proust nose best: Odors are better cues of autobiographical memory
Proust nose best: Odors are better cues of autobiographical memory
复制标题
DOI：
10.3758/bf03194952
复制
发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Downes, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chu, S;Downes, JJ
普鲁斯特现象是一个经久不衰的民间智慧，它断言气味是特别强大的自传式记忆线索。我们对这一现象提供了更正式的解释，并在两个实验中测试了它，使用了一种新的双线索方法，旨在否定不那么有趣的解释。在这两项研究中，对自传体事件的回忆最初是通过一个固定时期的语言标签(气味名称)来提示的，然后第二次延长回忆尝试是通过相同的语言标签、相关气味、无关的气味或视觉提示来提示的。实验一的重点是参与者对他们自传式记忆的情绪质量的评分。实验二采用内容分析的方法来确定被试记忆中的信息量。结果表明，嗅觉自传记忆在定性评分方面确实不同，在细节产生的数量上也确实更好。此外，视觉线索和不一致的嗅觉线索似乎对回忆的细节数量有不利影响。这些结果支持了气味作为过去经验的提醒特别有效的建议。
The Proust phenomenon is an enduring piece of folk wisdom that asserts that odors are particularly powerful autobiographical memory cues. We provide a more formal exposition of this phenomenon and test it in two experiments, using a novel double-cuing methodology designed to negate less interesting explanations. In both studies, recall of an autobiographical event was initially cued by a verbal label (an odor name) for a fixed period, following which a second, extended recall attempt was cued by the same verbal label, the relevant odor, an irrelevant odor, or a visual cue. The focus of Experiment 1 was participants' ratings of the emotional quality of their autobiographical memories. In Experiment 2, content analysis was employed to determine the quantity of information in participants' recollections. Results revealed that odor-cued autobiographical memories were reliably different in terms of qualitative ratings and reliably superior in the amount of detail yielded. Moreover, visual cues and incongruent olfactory cues appeared to have a detrimental effect on the amount of detail recalled. These results support the proposal that odors are especially effective as reminders of past experience.