Beyond the Public Sphere: Opinions, publics, spaces in early modern Europe
Beyond the Public Sphere: Opinions, publics, spaces in early modern Europe
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超越公共领域：近代早期欧洲的观点、公众、空间
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
M. Rospocher
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作者：
M. Rospocher
超越公共领域。《欧洲近代早期的舆论、公众和空间》探讨了一个在近代史学中日益重要的主题：政治交流、新闻传播、近代早期舆论的形成。公共领域的概念与尤尔根·哈贝马斯的名字密不可分。这位德国哲学家和社会学家在他的《Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit》（1962）中概述了国家和市民社会之间的理想话语空间，在那里，被排除在权力之外的人们找到了一个发言、讨论和批评的竞技场。公共领域最初是由英国的咖啡馆、文学沙龙和报纸塑造的，后来传播到其他国家（主要是法国和德国），就像公共领域的历史概念本身一样，史学概念也有着广泛的欧洲命运，正如标题词Öffentlichkeit的翻译所证明的那样：公共领域，公共意见，公共空间，意见和公共生活。正如罗斯波彻在导言中正确指出的那样，阅读哈贝马斯作品的历史背景是决定性的。可以确定两个转折点：一方面是60年代和70年代学生运动的抗议，他们强调组成他们的各种政治星系的自决权。另一方面，东欧共产主义政权的垮台及其引发的对政治自由的复杂渴望（今天的“阿拉伯之春”也是如此）。尽管如此，或者仅仅是因为这种成功，公共领域的概念遇到了许多，有时是非常严厉的反对者。
Beyond the Public Sphere. Opinions, Publics, Spaces in Early Modern Europe deals with a topic that is becoming increasingly central to recent historiography: political communication, the circulation of news, the making of an early modern public opinion. The notion of the public sphere is inextricably bound to the name of Jürgen Habermas. With his Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit (1962) the German philosopher and sociologist outlined the ideal-type of a discursive space between state and civil society, where people excluded from power found an arena for speaking, discussion and criticism. First shaped by British coffeehouses, literary salons and newspapers, the public sphere spread later to other countries (mainly France and Germany).In much the same way as the historical concept of the public sphere itself, so too has the historiographical one had a broad European fate, as the translations of the very title word Öffentlichkeit testify: public sphere, opinione pubblica, espace public, opinion y vida pública. As Rospocher rightly points out in the introduction, historical contexts where Habermasian work was read are decisive. Two turning points can be identified: on the one hand the protest of the student movements of the ‘60s and ’70s, with their emphasis on the self-determination of the various political galaxies they were composed by. On the other, the fall of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the complex desire for political freedom it aroused (the same could be said today for the “Arab Spring”). Despite or maybe just because of this success, the notion of the public sphere has encountered many, sometimes very harsh, opponents.