Conceptual and linguistic biases in children's word learning
Conceptual and linguistic biases in children's word learning
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.34.5.823
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发表时间：
1998-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lebowitz, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diesendruck, G;Gelman, SA;Lebowitz, K
四项研究考察了本质主义信息和知觉相似性对学龄前儿童标签解释的影响。在研究1中，3岁、4岁和5岁的孩子不太可能将动物的两个标签解释为相互排斥的类别：当动物被认为有共同的内在而不是表面的属性时，当动物在感知上相似而不是不同时。在研究2中，内部和功能属性信息都不影响4岁儿童对人工制品标签的解释。研究3和研究4提供了基线数据，表明领域差异不是由于儿童在这两个领域的词汇知识的先前差异。这些结果表明，儿童对动物有本质主义的信念，但对人工制品没有，这些信念与儿童对单词含义的假设相互作用，决定了他们对标签的解释。
Four studies examined the influence of essentialist information and perceptual similarity on preschoolers' interpretations of labels. In Study 1, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds were less likely to interpret 2 labels for animals as referring to mutually exclusive categories: when the animals were said to share internal, rather than superficial, properties and when the animals were perceptually similar rather than dissimilar. In Study 2, neither internal nor functional property information influenced 4-year-olds' interpretations of labels for artifacts. Studies 3 and 4 provide baseline data, demonstrating that the domain differences were not due to prior differences in children's lexical knowledge in the 2 domains. These results suggest that children have essentialist beliefs about animals, but not about artifacts, and that these beliefs interact with children's assumptions about word meaning in determining their interpretations of labels.