Effects of dual networks on tax strategies: geography and transaction

Effects of dual networks on tax strategies: geography and transaction
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双网络对税收策略的影响:地理和交易

DOI:
10.1007/s42973-020-00060-w
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The Japanese Economic Review
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Li Zonghui
Li Zonghui
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Itoh Ryo;Li Zonghui

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本研究调查了地方和中央政府的收入最大化税收策略如何纳入双重网络,即企业间交易网络和国家间地理网络。我们假设一个两阶段博弈,其中政府为企业提出歧视性税收水平,而每个企业都有动力投资于其交易伙伴外国分支机构附近的国家。在我们的模型中,两个网络的克罗内克乘积的中心性指数描述了均衡中位置选择和税收策略之间的相互作用。每个网络内更紧密的联系通常会增加投资需求,进而提高总体税收水平以利用高需求。尽管企业间网络中越集中的企业由于投资需求高而可能被征收更高的税,但处于最高税级的企业在不同国家之间存在差异,具体取决于其地理位置。最后,我们表明,企业不受歧视且网络不重要的统一税收是社会最优税收,它包含了所有国家间的外部性。我们还研究了基于非歧视(统一)税收规则的分散税收策略,并通过比较歧视性和统一税收制度下的社会福利表明,限制税收歧视可以改善社会福利。
This study investigates how a revenue-maximizing tax strategy of local and central governments incorporates dual networks, namely, an inter-firm transaction network and an inter-country geography network. We assume a two-stage game in which governments propose discriminatory tax levels for firms, whereas each firm has an incentive to invest in a country near the foreign branch office of its transaction partner. In our model, the centrality index of the Kronecker product of the two networks describes the interplay among the location choices and tax strategies in the equilibrium. A stronger linkage within each network generally increases demand for investment and in turn raises overall tax levels to exploit the high demand. Although more central firms in the inter-firm network are likely to be levied higher taxes because of their high demand for investment, firms in the highest tax bracket differ among countries depending on their geographical location. Finally, we show that a uniform tax in which firms are not discriminated and networks do not matter is the socially optimal tax, which incorporates all inter-country externalities. We also investigate decentralized tax strategies based on the rule of non-discriminatory (uniform) taxation and show, by comparing social welfare under discriminatory and uniform tax regimes, that restricting tax discrimination improves social welfare.
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