Preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. A call for action by clinicians, public health officials, and patients.
Preventing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. A call for action by clinicians, public health officials, and patients.
复制标题
防止抗菌素耐药性的出现。
DOI：
10.1001/jama.1997.03550110082041
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发表时间：
1997
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Hughes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Schwartz;D. Bell;J. Hughes
新出现的全球抗菌素耐药性问题是多方面的，涉及多种病原体。一个共同的主题是，抗菌药的使用施加了有利于出现耐药性的选择性压力。预防抗菌素耐药性的发展和传播的策略取决于病原体。对于细菌性呼吸道病原体(例如肺炎链球菌)，控制门诊抗菌药物的使用是至关重要的1-3；对于一些肠道病原体(例如沙门氏菌)，限制动物使用抗生素是重要的4，5；对于导致医院感染的病原体，改善住院抗菌药物的使用和感染控制做法是必要的。6解决抗菌剂的使用和耐药性是应对新出现的传染病威胁的最紧迫的优先事项之一。7，8另见第901页。在医生办公室每年开出的抗菌药物处方中，呼吸道感染占四分之三以上。9在本期《美国医学会杂志》上，Gonzales等人确定了成人感冒的抗生素处方，非特异性
The emerging global problem of antimicrobial resistance has multiple aspects and involves multiple pathogens. One common theme is that antimicrobial drug use exerts selective pressure favoring the emergence of resistance. Strategies to prevent the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance depend on the pathogens. For bacterial respiratory tract pathogens (eg, Streptococcus pneumoniae ), controlling outpatient antimicrobial use is crucial 1-3 ; for some enteric pathogens (eg, Salmonella ), limiting antimicrobial use in animals is important 4,5 ; and, for pathogens that cause nosocomial infections, improving inpatient antimicrobial use and infection control practices is necessary. 6 Addressing antimicrobial use and resistance is one of the most urgent priorities in confronting emerging infectious disease threats. 7,8 See also p 901. Respiratory infections account for more than three quarters of the antimicrobial drug prescriptions written annually in physicians' offices. 9 In this issue of JAMA , Gonzales et al 10 identify antibiotic prescribing for adults with colds, nonspecific