EFFECTS OF AGE AND PUBERTAL STATUS ON DEPRESSION IN A LARGE CLINICAL-SAMPLE
EFFECTS OF AGE AND PUBERTAL STATUS ON DEPRESSION IN A LARGE CLINICAL-SAMPLE
复制标题
DOI：
10.1017/s0954579400005538
复制
发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
RUTTER, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ANGOLD, A;RUTTER, M
抑郁症的发病率在儿童期和青春期之间总体上升，到成年早期，女性抑郁症的发病率是男性的两倍。然而，关于青春期前男孩和女孩抑郁症的相对发病率，研究结果是相互矛盾的，目前还不清楚青春期男孩的发病率是上升、下降还是保持稳定。在青春期，女性的优势何时出现也不确定。许多研究指出，青春期的生物发展在这些变化中占有重要地位。从发育的角度来看，青春期的荷尔蒙和身体变化在男孩和女孩中不同，这意味着“生物学解释”与青春期抑郁症发病率的性别差异非常吻合。在3,519名8-16岁的精神病患者中，男孩和女孩在这个年龄段的抑郁水平都在增加，但女孩的增长速度更快。在11岁之前，男孩和女孩的抑郁症发病率没有差异，但到了16岁，女孩患抑郁症的可能性是男孩的两倍。当年龄被控制时，青春期状态对抑郁评分没有影响。因此，这些结果并不支持青春期的生物学变化是产生青春期抑郁症性别比例变化的主要动力的观点。因此，对这一主题的进一步研究不仅需要解决青少年抑郁症的病因，而且还需要寻找在男孩和女孩中具有差异分布或影响的病因。
The rate of depression rises overall between childhood and adolescence, and by early adulthood depression is twice as common in women as in men. However, study results are conflicting as to the relative rates of depression in prepubertal boys and girls, and it is not clear whether the rates in adolescent boys rise, fall, or remain steady. It is also uncertain when in adolescence the female preponderance emerges. A number of studies point to effects of the biological developments of puberty as having an important place in these changes. From a developmental point of view, the fact that the hormonal and physical changes of puberty differ in boys and girls, mean that a "biological explanation" fits in well with the gender differentiation in rates of depression across puberty. In a sample of 3,519 8-16-year-old psychiatric patients, both boys and girls shared increasing levels of depression across this age range, but the rate of increase was faster in girls. There was no difference in the rates of depression between boys and girls before the age of 11, but by the age of 16 girls were twice as likely as boys to have significant depressive symptomatology. When age was controlled for, pubertal status had no effect on depression scores. Thus, these results did not support the idea that the biological changes of puberty are a primary motive force in producing the changes in the sex ratio in depression in adolescence. Therefore, further research on this topic needs not only to address the etiology of depression in young people, but also to search for etiologic factors with differential distributions or effects on boys and girls.