Multimodal Deformation of Liquid Metal Multimaterial Composites as Stretchable, Dielectric Materials for Capacitive Pressure Sensing
Multimodal Deformation of Liquid Metal Multimaterial Composites as Stretchable, Dielectric Materials for Capacitive Pressure Sensing
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DOI：
10.1021/acsami.1c21734
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发表时间：
2022-03-23
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
Koh, Amanda S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bury, Elizabeth;Koh, Amanda S.
传统的电子设备由坚硬的材料和部件组成，这些材料和部件往往不适合软机器人和可伸缩电子应用，如可穿戴式或连续压力传感。然而，可变形材料具有改善传统设备的潜力，因为它提高了灵敏度和响应性，在人机接口上具有更好的一致性和生物兼容性，以及更好的耐用性。本工作提出了一种可变形复合材料，它由镓-铟-锡合金(GaInSn)组成，它结合了金属的导电性和液体的固有变形能力。在弹性体中分散伽马斯坦可以形成可变形的介电材料，这些材料具有可调的机械和电学性能，例如，模数和相对介电常数。先前已经证明，Galinstan复合材料对弹性体的模数影响最小，但同时获得了令人印象深刻的介电性能。然而，Galinstan分散剂可能成本高昂，并面临机械和电气可靠性方面的挑战。因此，本工作研究了由Galinstan和刚性填料(铁或钛酸钡)组成的多材料复合材料的形态、力学行为、介电行为和压力传感性能，目的是在低弹性系数和优异的电性能之间实现平衡。通过将金银斯坦和刚性填料相结合，发现通过调整填料配方可以改善多材料复合材料的力学和电学性能，如弹性模量、介电常数、损耗行为、灵敏度和线性度。这表明，这些介电材料可以用于传感应用，可以根据特定的材料属性和用户的需求进行精确校准。这些可变形的多材料复合材料被发现是可拉伸的，在传感应用中具有高度的响应性，将扩展可变形电介质材料目前的机械能力，以改进软机器人和可拉伸的电子设备。
Traditional electronic devices are composed of rigid materials and components that tend to be unsuitable for soft robotic and stretchable electronic applications, such as wearable or continuous pressure sensing. However, deformable materials have the potential to improve upon traditional devices through enhanced sensitivity and responsiveness, better conformability and biocompatibility at the human-machine interface, and greater durability. This work presents deformable composite materials composed of the gallium-indium-tin alloy galinstan (GaInSn) that combines the conductivity of a metal and the intrinsic deformability of a liquid. Dispersing galinstan in an elastomer allows for the formation of deformable dielectric materials that have tunable mechanical and electrical behavior, for example, modulus and relative permittivity. Galinstan composites have been shown previously to have a minimal modulus impact on the elastomer but concurrently achieve impressive dielectric performance. However, galinstan dispersions can be costly and face challenges of mechanical and electrical reliability. Thereby, this work investigates multimaterial composites composed of galinstan and a rigid filler, either iron or barium titanate, with respect to morphology, mechanical behavior, dielectric behavior, and pressure sensing performance for the purpose of achieving a balance between a low modulus and superior electrical performance. By combining galinstan and rigid fillers, it was found that the mechanical and electrical properties, such as modulus, permittivity, loss behavior, sensitivity, and linearity of the multimaterial composites can be improved by tuning filler formulation. This suggests that these dielectric materials can be used for sensing applications that can be precisely calibrated to specific material properties and the needs of the user. These deformable multimaterial composites, found to be stretchable and highly responsive in sensing applications, will expand the current mechanical abilities of deformable dielectric materials to improve soft robotic and stretchable electronic devices.