Impact of the Microbiome on the Immune System
Impact of the Microbiome on the Immune System
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DOI：
10.1615/critrevimmunol.2019033233
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Basha, Riyaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lambring, Christoffer B.;Siraj, Sohail;Basha, Riyaz
高等生物生来就具有一般免疫系统，以及越来越多的特异免疫系统。所有的免疫机制都是为了帮助身体抵御感染而起作用的。内部和外部因素对免疫系统都有不同的影响，免疫反应是针对每种因素量身定制的。伴随着人类先天免疫系统和适应性免疫系统的组成部分是人体的其他混合系统。对人体免疫系统与其他系统的相互作用的日益了解开辟了新的研究途径，包括微生物组的研究。自2007年美国国立卫生研究院开始资助人类微生物组计划（HMP）以来，微生物组在过去的10到20年里已经成为一个高度活跃的研究领域。一些出版物集中在微生物组的特征，功能和复杂的相互作用，因为它与身体的其余部分有关。微生物组和宿主之间的功能障碍与各种疾病有关，包括癌症、代谢缺陷、自身免疫性疾病和传染病。需要进一步了解微生物组及其与宿主在疾病中的相互作用，以便了解微生物组功能障碍的含义以及微生物群在预防疾病中的可能用途。在这篇综述中，我们综述了免疫系统、微生物组、微生物组与其他系统的相互作用，以及免疫系统和微生物组在糖尿病和结直肠癌等疾病中的关系。
Higher organisms are all born with general immunity as well as with, increasingly, more specific immune systems. All immune mechanisms function with the intent of aiding the body in defense against infection. Internal and external factors alike have varying effects on the immune system, and the immune response is tailored specifically to each one. Accompanying the components of the human innate and adaptive immune systems are the other intermingling systems of the human body. Increasing understanding of the body's immune interactions with other systems has opened new avenues of study, including that of the microbiome. The microbiome has become a highly active area of research over the last 10 to 20 years since the NIH began funding the Human Microbiome Project (HMP), which was established in 2007. Several publications have focused on the characterization, functions, and complex interplay of the microbiome as it relates to the rest of the body. A dysfunction between the microbiome and the host has been linked to various diseases including cancers, metabolic deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Further understanding of the microbiome and its interaction with the host in relation to diseases is needed in order to understand the implications of microbiome dysfunction and the possible use of microbiota in the prevention of disease. In this review, we have summarized information on the immune system, the microbiome, the microbiome's interplay with other systems, and the association of the immune system and the microbiome in diseases such as diabetes and colorectal cancer.