CENTRIFUGAL INFLUENCE ON THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM
CENTRIFUGAL INFLUENCE ON THE ELECTRORETINOGRAM
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离心对视网膜电图的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
1958
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
G. Gestring
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Jacobson;G. Gestring
多年来，视神经中存在的将传出脉冲从高级中心传递到视网膜的纤维一直引起人们的兴趣和讨论。 Dogie1,l Cajal,2 J o h n ~ton, ~ 和 P01yak 提供了这些纤维和此类传出系统的视网膜细胞成分的组织学证据。are^,^ 已注意到生理学证据，他们讨论了这些元素对视网膜光适应和暗适应的影响。 Pfeifer 已经提到了这种系统在暗适应中的重要性。6 Monakow 根据动物实验的结果，描述了离心路径的存在。最近，Polyak,8 在讨论“促进或抑制的机制”时指出： l1 一种结构排列，其功能似乎是干扰其他神经元之间的突触，例如视网膜的水平和离心双极。 。 。提到的毫无疑问的解剖关系需要接受某种影响[水平细胞]，最有可能是光感受器-双极关系。”然后他推断这些解剖学发现可能代表了一种抑制视杆细胞和视锥细胞功能的机制，要么是由于阈值的变化，要么是由于日光视觉中视杆细胞的差异性阻塞。离心双极细胞被认为能够影响锥传入双极传输。 Granitg 已经能够通过电刺激中脑网状物质来抑制和促进自发和诱发的视网膜电位，他认为这是离心纤维的证据。 Walter10已经证明传出纤维终止于视网膜血管。 Motokawa 和 Ebe 证明，视神经的逆向刺激会降低视网膜的敏感性，他们指出视网膜的电反应取决于动物的一般状况。 HartlineI2 在 Limdzcs 眼中表现出逆向抑制作用。 Barany 和 Hallden13 表明中枢神经系统抑制剂（酒精和巴比妥类药物）会影响视网膜的相互关系。 Dodt14 发现他可以通过电击兔子的对侧视束来诱发延迟性视网膜尖峰。他认为这是存在真正的离心功能的证据。
The existence in the optic nerve of fibers that convey efferent impulses from the higher centers to the retina has been a matter of interest and discussion for many years. Histological evidence for these fibers and for the retinal cellular components of such an efferent system has been provided by Dogie1,l Cajal,2 J o h n ~ t o n , ~ and P01yak.~ Physiological evidence has been noted by are^,^ who discussed the influence of such elements on retinal light and dark adaptation. The importance of such a system in dark adaptation has been mentioned by Pfeifer.6 Monakow,’ as a result of animal experiments, described the existence of a centrifugal pathway. More recently, Polyak,8 in discussing “the mechanisms of facilitation or inhibition,” states: l1 A structural arrangement whose function seems to be an interference with the synapses between other neurons is exemplified by the horizontal and centrifugal bipolars of the retina . . . the undoubted anatomical relationship mentioned demands an acceptance of some kind of influencing [by the horizontal cells], most likely of the photoreceptor-bipolar relationship.” He then infers that these anatomical findings may represent a mechanism for inhibition of rod and cone function, either due to change in threshold or for differential blocking of rods in daylight vision. The centrifugal bipolar cells are considered capable of influencing cone-afferent bipolar transmission. Granitg has been able to inhibit and facilitate spontaneous and evoked retinal potentials by electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular substance, and he considers this to be evidence of centrifugal fibers. WalterlO has demonstrated efferent fibers terminating in retinal blood vessels. Motokawa and Ebe” have demonstrated that antidromic stimulation of the optic nerve depresses the sensitivity of the retina, and they point out that the electrical response of the retina is dependent on the general condition of the animal. HartlineI2 has demonstrated antidromic inhibition in the eye of Limdzcs. Barany and Hallden13 showed that central nervous system depressants (alcohol and barbiturates) affect retinal interrelationships. Dodt14 found that he could evoke a delayed retinal spike by shocking the contralateral optic tract of a rabbit. He believes this is evidence for the existence of a true centrifugal function.