Cortical oscillations and interareal synchronization as a preparatory activity for postural response
Cortical oscillations and interareal synchronization as a preparatory activity for postural response
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DOI：
10.1111/ejn.15956
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发表时间：
2023-03-23
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kawashima，Noritaka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fujio，Kimiya;Obata，Hiroki;Kawashima，Noritaka
人类站立的神经机制有望被阐明，以防止跌倒。由突然的外部扰动引起的姿势反应起源于中枢神经系统的各个区域。最近的研究表明，皮质脊髓通路是一个适当的姿势反应的关键节点之一。皮质脊髓通路介导的早期部分的肌电图反应调制与预测之前发生的扰动。明确表现出发病时间的时间预测有助于增强皮质脊髓兴奋性。然而，在皮质脊髓通路增强之前，具有时间预测的感觉运动区的皮质活动如何被处理仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，使用脑电图，我们调查了时间预测如何影响神经振荡和感觉运动和远端区域之间的同步。我们的研究结果表明，在感觉运动区和顶枕区（Cz，CPz，Pz和POz）观察到α和β频段的皮层振荡去振荡，并且这些区域嵌套在θ频段频率的相位中。此外，在扰动开始的时间提示之后，α带的实际相位同步性会降低。低频的相位同步可以在远距离区域之间传递时间预测，并启动局部皮层活动的调制。这种调节有助于为最佳反应所必需的感觉处理和运动执行做准备。
Neural mechanisms of human standing are expected to be elucidated for preventing fallings. Postural response evoked by sudden external perturbation originates from various areas in the central nervous system. Recent studies have revealed that the corticospinal pathway is one of the key nodes for an appropriate postural response. The corticospinal pathway that mediates the early part of the electromyographic response is modulated with prediction before a perturbation occurs. Temporal prediction explicitly exhibiting an onset timing contributes to enhancing corticospinal excitability. However, how the cortical activities in the sensorimotor area with temporal prediction are processed before the corticospinal pathway enhancement remains unclear. In this study, using electroencephalography, we investigated how temporal prediction affects both neural oscillations and synchronization between sensorimotor and distal areas. Our results revealed that desynchronization of cortical oscillation at α‐ and β‐bands was observed in the sensorimotor and parietooccipital areas (Cz, CPz, Pz and POz), and those are nested in the phase at θ‐band frequency. Furthermore, a reduction in the interareal phase synchrony in the α‐band was induced after the timing cue for the perturbation onset. The phase synchrony at the low frequency can relay the temporal prediction among the distant areas and initiate the modulation of the local cortical activities. Such modulations contribute to the preparation for sensory processing and motor execution that are necessary for optimal responses.