COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI-METAL ANIONS
COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI-METAL ANIONS
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DOI：
10.1002/anie.197905871
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
DYE, JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DYE, JL
钠、钾、铷和铯的阴离子在合适的溶剂和结晶固体中都是稳定的。后者可以通过冷却饱和溶液或通过快速溶剂蒸发来制备。热力学参数表明，碱金属阴离子可能存在于碱金属在任何相容溶剂中的饱和溶液中，但在饱和度以下，解离成阳离子和溶剂化电子在高极性溶剂如氨中是有利的。碱金属阴离子的无溶剂盐的关键是通过掺入合适的冠醚或穴醚络合物来稳定阳离子。通过使用这样的络合物，似乎也可以产生“二价”盐，其中络合阳离子的电荷被捕获的电子平衡。碱金属阴离子和“二价”盐的化学、电学和光学性质可以提供有用的应用。
Anions of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium are stable both in suitable solvents and in crystalline solids. The latter can be prepared either by cooling a saturated solution or by rapid solvent evaporation. Thermodynamic arguments show that alkali metal anions can probably exist in saturated solutions of the alkali metals in any compatible solvent, but that below saturation, dissociation into the cation and solvated electrons is favored in highly polar solvents such as ammonia. The key to solvent‐free salts of the alkali metal anions is stabilization of thecationby incorporation into a suitable crown or cryptand complex. By using such complexes it also appears possible to produce “electride” salts in which the charge of the complexed cation is balanced by a trapped electron. The chemical, electrical, and optical properties of salts of the alkali metal anions and “electrides” could provide useful applications.