Dark carbon fixation in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone contributes to sedimentary organic carbon (SOM)

Dark carbon fixation in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone contributes to sedimentary organic carbon (SOM)
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阿拉伯海最低氧区的暗碳固定有助于沉积有机碳(SOM)

DOI:
10.1029/2019gb006282
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Lengger S
Lengger S
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lengger S

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随着CO2浓度的上升和全球海洋表面温度的升高,氧气最小区(OMZ)或“死区”预计将扩大。OMZ由高初级生产力提供燃料,导致深度生物需氧量增加,随后氧耗尽和矿化衰减。这导致富含有机碳的沉积物的沉积。碳下降是由地球化学模型估计的;然而,一个主要的过程被忽略了:在中层和下层水柱中的碳固定。在这里,我们表明化能自养固碳在阿拉伯海OMZ中很重要,并表现在沉积有机碳的13 C-贫化特征中。我们确定了在空间上接近但在陡峭的底层水氧梯度上沉积的Corg的δ 13 C值,以及能够进行厌氧氨氧化(anammox)的化学自养细菌的生物标志物的δ 13 C组成。同位素混合模型表明,从厌氧氨氧化细菌或其他化能自养生物的碎屑可能形成沉积在阿拉伯海OMZ(~17%)的有机质的相当大的一部分,这意味着化学自养生物的贡献,以解决有机质出口到沉积物。这对评估过去和未来的有机MZ有影响:假设所有下沉的有机物质都是光合作用产生的,没有新的碳,可能会大大低估土壤化的程度。因此,最低含氧量区的需氧量可能高于预测,导致最低含氧量区的扩张比预期的更剧烈。
In response to rising CO2concentrations and increasing global sea surface temperatures, oxygen minimum zones (OMZ), or “dead zones”, are expected to expand. OMZs are fueled by high primary productivity, resulting in enhanced biological oxygen demand at depth, subsequent oxygen depletion, and attenuation of remineralization. This results in the deposition of organic carbon‐rich sediments. Carbon drawdown is estimated by biogeochemical models; however, a major process is ignored: carbon fixation in the mid‐ and lower water column. Here, we show that chemoautotrophic carbon fixation is important in the Arabian Sea OMZ; and manifests in a13C‐depleted signature of sedimentary organic carbon. We determined the δ13C values of Corgdeposited in close spatial proximity but over a steep bottom‐water oxygen gradient, and the δ13C composition of biomarkers of chemoautotrophic bacteria capable of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox). Isotope mixing models show that detritus from anammox bacteria or other chemoautotrophs likely forms a substantial part of the organic matter deposited within the Arabian Sea OMZ (~17%), implying that the contribution of chemoautotrophs to settling organic matter is exported to the sediment. This has implications for the evaluation of past, and future, OMZs: biogeochemical models that operate on the assumption that all sinking organic matter is photosynthetically derived, without new addition of carbon, could significantly underestimate the extent of remineralization. Oxygen demand in oxygen minimum zones could thus be higher than projections suggest, leading to a more intense expansion of OMZs than expected.
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