Impact of encoding depth on awareness of perceptual effects in recognition memory
Impact of encoding depth on awareness of perceptual effects in recognition memory
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196394
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Thaman, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gardiner, JM;Gregg, VH;Thaman, M
在学习和测试中，如果图片刺激的大小相同，而不是不同的大小，那么它们更有可能被识别出来。这种大小一致效应在两个实验中被重复，在这两个实验中，编码变量分别是未分割的和分散的注意力和加工水平。在绩效方面，这些变量影响再认，而不影响大小一致效应。但在认知方面，通过记忆和知道反应来衡量，这些变量确实影响了大小一致效应。在集中注意力和深层加工的情况下，只有在记忆中才会出现大小一致的效应。在注意力分散和加工水平较浅的情况下，只有在知道的情况下才会出现大小一致的效应。结果表明，在记忆中产生的影响也可能在知道中独立发生。他们支持记忆和认知反映不同记忆过程或系统的理论。他们不支持记忆和知晓反映痕迹强度差异的理论。
Pictorial stimuli are more likely to be recognized if they are the same size, rather than a different size, at study and at test. This size congruency effect was replicated in two experiments in which the encoding variables were respectively undivided versus divided attention and level of processing. In terms of performance, these variables influenced recognition and did not influence size congruency effects. But in terms of awareness, measured by remember and know responses, these variables did influence size congruency effects. With undivided attention and with a deep level of processing, size congruency effects occurred only in remembering. With divided attention and with a shallow level of processing, size congruency effects occurred only in knowing. The results show that effects that occur in remembering may also occur independently in knowing. They support theories in which remembering and knowing reflect different memory processes or systems. They do not support the theory that remembering and knowing reflect differences in trace strength.