Traits and motives: toward an integration of two traditions in personality research.
Traits and motives: toward an integration of two traditions in personality research.
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特质和动机：人格研究中两种传统的融合。
DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.105.2.230
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Duncan,LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winter,DG;John,OP;Stewart,AJ;Klohnen,EC;Duncan,LE
在回顾了特质（通过问卷测量）和动机（通过主题共感测试[TAT]或其他富有想象力的言语行为测量）的经典和当前概念后，作者认为这两个概念反映了个性的两个根本不同的元素——概念上不同，经验上不相关。作者认为特质和动机在行为预测中相互作用：特质在一生中引导动机的行为表达。作者在两项纵向研究中阐述了这种互动假设，重点关注外向性的广泛特征以及隶属关系和权力这两种社会动机。在与外向性的相互作用中，这两种动机都显示出预测和复制的关系，以独立衡量人际关系和职业领域的生活结果。外向性促进了无冲突动机的表达，而内向性使社会动机偏离了他们的特征目标，给目标的实现带来了困难。（PsycINFO数据库记录(c) 2016 APA，版权所有）
After reviewing classic and current conceptions of trait (as measured by questionnaires) and motive (as measured by the Thematic Apperception Test [TAT] or other imaginative verbal behavior), the authors suggest that these 2 concepts reflect 2 fundamentally different elements of personality—conceptually distinct and empirically unrelated. The authors propose that traits and motives interact in the prediction of behavior: Traits channel the behavioral expression of motives throughout the life course. The authors illustrate this interactive hypothesis in 2 longitudinal studies, focusing on the broad trait of extraversion and the 2 social motives of affiliation and power. In interaction with extraversion, both motives show predicted and replicated relations to independently measured life outcomes in the domains of relationships and careers. Extraversion facilitates unconflicted motive expression, whereas introversion deflects social motives away from their characteristic goals and creates difficulties in goal attainment.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)