Conservation, the Farm Bill and U.S. Agri-Environmental Policy
Conservation, the Farm Bill and U.S. Agri-Environmental Policy
复制标题
保护、农业法案和美国农业环境政策
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Lichtenberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Lichtenberg
从20世纪30年代开始，保护计划就一直是美国农业立法的一个组成部分。从一开始，这些保护计划就有多个目标。1936年《土壤保持和国内分配法》引入了有偿将易侵蚀土地转为保护用途，这在很大程度上是在1933年《农业调整法》被最高法院宣布违宪后通过控制供应向农民提供财政援助的替代手段。在第二次世界大战及其后果期间，当商品价格高企时，将农田有偿转移到土壤银行被1956年农业法案重新引入。土壤银行由休耕农田和保护区组成，政府为减少侵蚀、改善野生动物栖息地、解决水质和其他问题的措施提供资金。农业法案中也有类似的条款，但在20世纪70年代初被废弃，当时由于苏联的谷物购买，商品价格飙升。
Conservation programs have been a component of U.S. farm legislation from its beginnings in the 1930s. And from the beginning, those conservation programs have had multiple goals. Paid diversion of erodible land into conservation uses, introduced in the 1936 Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, was enacted largely as an alternative means of providing financial assistance to farmers by controlling supply after the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Suspended during World War II and its aftermath, when commodity prices were high, paid diversion of cropland into a Soil Bank was reintroduced by the 1956 Agricultural Act. The Soil Bank consisted of both fallowed cropland and a conservation reserve on which the government paid for measures that reduced erosion, enhanced wildlife habitat, and addressed water quality and other concerns. Similar provisions were contained in farm bills but were abandoned in the early 1970s, when commodity prices spiked because of Soviet grain purchases.