The Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA
The Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland, USA
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美国马里兰州卡尔弗特悬崖的地质学和古脊椎动物学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Ward
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. J. Godfrey;G. Carnevale;D. Domning;R. Eshelman;Bretton W. Kent;P. Vogt;R. Weems;D. Ward
最近一次对卡尔弗特悬崖中新世脊椎动物化石的全面综述发表于 100 多年前。本书是论文集，更新了卡尔弗特悬崖的一些地质特征，并提供了对化石生物群的评论，其中包括来自以下分类群的代表：软骨鱼类（银鲛、鲨鱼、鳐鱼和鳐鱼）、放线鱼类（射线鳍鱼）、鳄鱼类（鳄鱼）和海牛类（海牛）。 Peter Vogt、Ralph E. Eshelman 和 Stephen J. Godfrey 记录了切萨皮克湾西岸 20-40 m [65-130 ft] 高的卡尔弗特悬崖如何继续深入了解 18-8 米亚（中新世）地质、海洋和陆地脊椎动物群，以及切萨皮克湾和卡尔弗特悬崖迄今为止的起源和演化。这些暴露量在任何时代最著名的化石矿床中都名列前茅。 Bretton W. Kent 描述了软骨鱼（软骨鱼类）动物群，由 54 个物种组成，其中包括 3 种银鲛（鼠鱼）、39 种鲨鱼以及 12 种鳐鱼和鳐鱼，这是一个富含大型巨食性鲨鱼和大型浅海鳐鱼的动物群。在肯特章节的附录中，他和大卫·J·沃德描述了一种长有锯齿状牙齿的巨型长尾鲨新物种。 Giorgio Carnevale 和 Stephen J. Godfrey 介绍了从骨学遗骸中已知的 38 个放线鳍类群以及至少 55 个类群的多样化耳石组合。这些放线鱼表现出对氧合良好的泥质和沙质基质的亲和力，这些基质主要由内陆架的浅水物种特征主导，其次是上层类群。罗伯特·E·威姆斯 (Robert E. Weems) 详细介绍了与 tomistomine Thecachampsa 有关的鳄鱼类动物。现存的最接近的亲戚是 Tomistoma schlegelii，即东南亚的假鳄。存在两个物种：Thecachampsa sericodon 和 T. antiquus。这些托米斯托雷鱼被发现于浅海沿海沉积物中，表明它们居住在沿海水域。达里尔·多姆宁 (Daryl P. Domning) 报告称，中新世海洋动物群的化石包括儒艮科的稀有海牛类。已知三个类群：假儒艮 Metaxytherium crataegense、儒艮儒艮 Nanosiren sp. 和另一种儒艮 aff。紫堇。圣玛丽地层包含可能与 Metaxytherium floridanum 相关的遗骸，但需要等待更完整标本的发现才能确认。
The last comprehensive review of the fossil vertebrates from the Miocene of Calvert Cliffs was published more than 100 years ago. This volume is a collection of papers that updates some of the geological features of Calvert Cliffs and provides reviews of the fossil biota that include representatives from the following taxonomic groups: chondrichthyans (chimaeras, shark, skates, and rays), actinopterygians (ray-finned fishes), crocodilians (crocodiles), and sirenians (sea cows). Peter Vogt, Ralph E. Eshelman, and Stephen J. Godfrey document how the 20–40 m [65–130 ft] high Calvert Cliffs along the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay continue to yield insights into 18–8 mya (Miocene) geology, marine and terrestrial vertebrate fauna, and the origin and evolution of Chesapeake Bay and Calvert Cliffs up to the present. These exposures rank high among the best-known fossiliferous deposits of any age. Bretton W. Kent describes the cartilaginous fish (the chondrichthyan) fauna, consisting of 54 species—3 chimaeras (ratfishes), 39 sharks, and 12 skates and rays—a fauna rich in large macrophagous sharks and large neritic rays. In an addendum to Kent’s chapter, he and David J. Ward describe a new species of giant thresher shark with serrated teeth. Giorgio Carnevale and Stephen J. Godfrey present an account of the 38 actinopterygian taxa known from osteological remains and a diverse otolith assemblage of at least 55 taxa. These actinopterygians show an affinity for well-oxygenated muddy and sandy substrates dominated primarily by shallow-water species characteristic of the inner shelf and secondarily by epipelagic taxa. Robert E. Weems details the crocodilians referable to the tomistomine Thecachampsa. The closest living relative is Tomistoma schlegelii, the false gharial of Southeast Asia. Two species are present: Thecachampsa sericodon and T. antiquus. These tomistomines are found in shallow marine coastal deposits, indicating that they inhabited coastal waters. Daryl P. Domning reports that fossils of the Miocene marine fauna include rare sirenians of the family Dugongidae. Three taxa are known: the halitheriine dugongid Metaxytherium crataegense, the dugongine dugongid Nanosiren sp., and another dugongine, aff. Corystosiren. The St. Marys Formation contains remains that may be referable to Metaxytherium floridanum, but confirmation awaits the discovery of more complete specimens.